۱ – یکی از مهارت های خواندن، توجه به عناوین پاراگراف های متن (paragraph Headings) است. نویسنده «در متون بلند» برای راهنمایی کردن خواننده از عناوین استفاده می نماید. عناوین، متن را به قسمت های کوچک تر تقسیم نموده و به خواننده کمک می کند تا اطلاعات خاص را سریعتر بیابد.
۲ – یکی دیگر از مهارت های خواندن، پی بردن به معنای کلمات ناآشنا، از طریق توجه به نشان (cues) موجود در متن است. در بعضی متون نویسنده از طریق معنی کردن (defining) یا بیان مجدد مفاهیم ( restating) با استفاده از علائم نشانه گذاری ( punctuation marks) تلاش می کند مفاهیم مشکل را برای خواننده آسان کند.

A – key words in defining
(لغات کلیدی جهت تعریف)
این لغات از قبیل refersto – what this means as – meaning – means – are – is و is/are defined به معنای هست – معنی می دهد – رجوع می دهد به ، می باشد. مانند :
The heart is the organ miside your chest that sends blood around your body.
B- use of signal words / phrases to restate
(استفاده از کلمات یا عبارات نشانه ای)
از این کلمات یا عبارات می توان that is , in other words – or با علامت e.i را ذکر کرد که به معنای یا – به عبارت دیگر و بدین معنی است، می باشد . مانند:
The exercise should be more reasonable , i.e lighter.
ورزش باید منطقی تر باشد یعنی (i.e) سبک تر.
C- use of punctuation marks to define/ restate
(استفاده از نشانه های علامت گذاری جهت تعریف یا بیان مجدد)
از این نشانه ها می توان کاما (,) – خط تیره ( – ) و پرانتز ( ) را ذکر کرد.
مانند مثال زیر که داخل پرانتز معنی کلمه skull توضیح داده شده است.
Doctors say he has broken his skull (the bony part of the head that protects the brain)
پزشکان می گویند او جمجمه اش شکسته است.( قسمت استخوانی سر که از مغز محافظت می کند)

دستور زبان (گرامر)

مبحث گرامری این درس ( adverbial clauses) یا همان (قضایای قیدی) می باشد، که در زیر به توضیح در مورد آن می پردازیم.
۱ – به یک گروه از کلمات مرتبط به هم که یک فعل و یک فاعل دارد clause یا عبارت می گویند.
۲ – adverbial clause یا عبارت قیدی عبارتی است که به عبارت اصلی یا main clause متصل می شود و کار آن مانند یک قید است که اطلاعاتی اضافی در مورد زمان ، مکان ، رفتار و غیره را از اتفاقی که افتاده به ما می دهد.
۳ – conjunction یا حرف ربط کلمه ای است که دو قسمت یک جمله را به هم متصل می کند.
۴ – کلمات (when به معنای وقتی که )، (As به معنای زمانی که یا چون که )، (since به معنای چونکه یا از وقتی که ) و (whether……….or به معنای چه ……….و یا ) کلماتی ربط دهنده هستند که با یک سری کلمات همراه شده و عبارت قیدی را می سازند و به عبارت اصلی متصل می کنند.
۵ – (when: وقتی که) کلمه ربطی است که اگر کاری بعد از کار دیگر اتفاق بیفتد از آن استفاده می کنیم. گاهی از این کلمه ربط جهت اتصال دادن دو کار که در یک زمان اتفاق می افتند نیز استفاده می کنیم. به مثال زیر توجه کنید:
Some people change their habits when they get older.
بعضی از مردم وقتی که پیرتر می شوند عادت هایشان را تغییر می دهند.
۶ – (as: زمانی که ) در چند نوع عبارت قیدی به کار می رود که عبارت اند از :
برای بیان زمان : اگر دو چیز در یک زمان رخ دهند.
برای بیان دلیل : زمانی که بخواهیم دلیل چیزی را بیان کنیم و کلمه معادل آن because می باشد.
برای بیان نسبت : به معنای (در همان دوره زمانی) مانند as people get older
برای بیان مقایسه : مانند به سرعتی که شما می توانید as fast as you can
7- (since: چونکه) برای بیان دلیل و علت به کار می رود، اما در بعضی از عبارت های since به معنای از وقتی که ، نیز به کار می رود. به مثال های زیر توجه کنید.

Since I didn’t feel well , I didn’t go to party last night.
Since:حرف ربط
Since I didn’t feel well:عبارت قیدی
I didn’t go to party last night:عبارت اصلی
من دیشت به مهمانی نرفتم چون حالم خوب نبود.

I have been living in Tehran Since I was fourteen.
I have been living in Tehran:عبارت اصلی
Since:حرف ربط
Since I was fourteen:عبارت قیدی

من زمانی که چهارده ساله بودم در تهران زندگی کرده ام.
۸ – (wehter …. Or : چه …… و یا ) ارتباط دهنده ای است که در عبارت های قیدی به کار می رود و بیانگر آن است که (نه این موضوع مهم است و نه آن یکی) و نتیجه در هر صورت یکی است به مثال زیر توجه کنید:

You ll have to finish your work whether you like it or not.
You ll have to finish your work:عبارت اصلی
whether – or:حرف ربط
you like it or not:عبارت قیدی

شما مجبورید این کار را تمام کنید چه آن را دوست داشته باشید و چه دوسته نداشته باشید

اکنون به چند مثال دیگر از عبارت های قیدی توجه کنید.
AS I was getting off the bus I saw Mary waiting for me.
I started learning English since I was 6 years old.
I couldn’t joni you since I was ill.
Mary was eating dinner when we arrived home.
Doctor should visit you whether you like or not.
You can enjoy exercising whether you are young or old.

نقش جمله

جمله ها چه به طور مجزا و چه در متن نقش های متفاوتی دارند. در زیر شما با دو نقش زبانی آشنا می شوید.
۱ – (Describing = وصف کرد) هنگام توصیف کردن نویسنده سعی می کند اطلاعاتی را در مورد اشخاص، چیزها، مکان ها، فعالیت ها به خواننده بدهد. معمولاً د ر این نوع توصیف کردن یکی از شکل های فعل to be با یک یا چند صفت همراه اسم بیان می شود . مانند :
The heat is the strongest muscle in your body.
2 – (Explaining = توضیح دادن) نویسنده سعی می کند تا با آوردن دلیل یا ذکر جزئیات یا توضیح دادن در مورد چیزی یا مطلبی ، درک و فهم آن را برای خواننده آسان تر کند. مانند :
Exercise is important because it peoples boodies and minds healty.

تمرین :
پاسخ صحیح را از میان گزینه ها انتخاب کنید.
۱٫ I have not seen mary …….she left here with her husband.
1) when
2) as
3) since
4) whether

2 . ……… The weather was not fine , we couldn’t go waling.
1) when
2) whether
3) neither
4) as

3 . Exercise is good for you …..you are fat or thin.
1)as
2)since
3) when
4) whether

4. ……..you aren’t able to answer, we may ask some one else.
1) keep
2) keeping
3)kept
4) keeps

5…….. you aren’t able to answer, we may ask some one else.
1) since
2) whether
3) when
4) or

6. she can touch her toes easily. It means she is very……..
۱) flexible
2) reasonable
3) reliable
4) active

7. Having food with a lot of ……causes people extra weight.
1) nutrients
2) fat
3) water
4) vitamins

8. when we brath we take air into our …….and send it cut again.
1) muscles
2) vessels
3) heart
4) lungs

9 – He has a high opinion of himself. He is ….of himself.
1) perfect
2) efficient
3) proud
4) reliable

10 . Aerobic exercise helps the heart …..more oxygen to the muscles.
1) send
2) to sent
3) sent
4) sending

پاسخ:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

درس دوم:
مهارت های خواندن
(اطلاعات صریح وغیر صریح)

۱٫یکی دیگر از مهارت های خواندن دریافت اطلاعات صریح (Explicit Information) که به روشنی در متن آمده و اطلاعات غیرصریح( Implicit Information) که باید آنها را از متن استنباط نموده است.
۲ – از دیگر مهارت های خواندن حدس زدن معنی کلمات ناآشنا در متن با آگاهی از شیوه های ساخت واژه از طریق افزون پسوندها و پیشوندها است. به چند مثال توجه کنید.
Mation (n) –> motion less (adj)
React –> reaction (n)

دستور زبان

A- کاربرد فعل همراه مفعول و مصدر بدون to
1 – افعالی مانند let (به معنای اجازه دادن) و make( به معنای مجبور کردن و باعث شدن) ساختار زیر را دارند.
Verb + object + bare infinitive
فعل+ مفعول+ to مصدر بدون
به مثال زیر توجه کنید.
The teacher made me give a speech in the class.
معلم مرا مجبور کرد که در کلاس سخنرانی کنم.
My mother makes me go bed early every firday.
مادر من مرا وادار می کند که هر جمعه زود به رختخواب بروم
My brother lets me work with his computer.
برادرم به من اجازه می دهد که با کامپیوترش کار کنم.
۲ – فعل help نیز از دیگر افعالی است که با این ساختار به کار برده می شود اما آن می تواند با مصدر با to نیز دنبال شود.
Exercise helps your body (to) us the extra calories that are coming from food.
ورزش به بدن شما کمک می کند که کالری های اضافی را که از غذا می آیند، استفاده کنید.

B- کاربرد فرم Ing دار فعل بعد از حروف اضافه by جهت بیان روش انجام فعل :
۱٫ استفاده از by به اضافه فرم ing دار فعل ، روش یا وسیله ای را که جهت انجام کاری به کار می گیریم، نشان می دهد.
You can improve your speaking ability by practicing hard.
شما می توانید با تمرین زیاد توانایی صحبت کردنتان را بهتر کنید.
۲ – هنگامی که by به اضافه فرم Ing دار فعل در اول جمله می آید، بعد از آن یک کاما قرار می گیرد.
By + دار فعلingفرم و ……
By moving too much , you may distract your listener.
بازدید حرکت کردن، شما ممکن است مخاطبانتان را آشفته کنید.

نقش جمله

۱ – از دیگر نقش های جمله می توان به «تعمیم دادن» (Generalizing) اشاره کرد.
گاهی شما مطلبی را خیلی اساسی و کلی بیان می کنید که در بیشتر اوقات و نه همیشه حقیقت است. به این نقش کلی گویی یا تعمیم دادن می گویند. این حالت معمولاً با کلماتی از قبیل all every – most و …. بیان می شود. مانند :
Everybody should have some kind of education whether they are rich or poor
همه باید نوعی از تحصیلات را داشته باشند چه ثروتمند باشند چه فقیر.
۲ – نقش دیگر جمله که در این درس به آن اشاره شده «دادن دستورالعمل» (Instruchin) می باشد. در این حالت نویسنده دستورالعمل هایی را به خوانند می دهد. این گونه جملات معمولاً با یک فعل امری شروع می شوند.
Try to include personal stories or recent events to add fun to your speech.
سعی کنید داستان های شخصی یا اتفاقات اخیر را به سخنرانی خود اضافه کنید تا به آن مزه ای داده شود.

تمرین
پاسخ صحیح را از میان گزینه ها انتخاب کنید.
۱٫ Aerobic exercise helps the heart ……… more oxygen to the muxcles.
1) to send
2) sending
3) sent
4) be sent

2. A group of people watching or listening to something are called ……..
۱) audience
2) conference
3) meeting
4) speech

3. The boss ….. the importance of night working to the workers.
1) communicated
2) concentrated
3) emphasized
4) distracted

4. I don’t let you …. To school because you are ill today.
1) go
2) to go
3) going
4) gone

5. Exercise can help you …… yourself at a healty weight.
1) Keeping
2) Kept
3) To keeping
4) Keep

6. By……..deeply several times,you can control your ner vousness.
1) breath
2) breathing
3) practicing
4) practice

7. You can improve your speaking obility by …. In front of a mirror.
1) speak
2) speaking
3) spoke
4)spoken

8. By …. Formal colthes, you will show respect to your oudience.
1) wear
2) to wear
3) werning
4) weared

9. Asking questions can make the audience….. on your speech.
1) concentrate
2) concentrated
3) concentrating
4) to concentrate

10. Let your audience ….. your question.
1) to ask
2) asked
3) asking
4) ask

پاسخ

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

درس سوم :
مهارت های خواندن
(Adjective clause -Adjective phrase )

1 – یکی از مهارت های خواندن درک روابط میان بخش های مختلف متن از طریق شناسایی ضمایر و مراجع آن هاست.
۱ – کلمه های نشان دهنده تضاد مانند:
(although = اگرچه)
(though = گرچه)
(unlike = برعکس)
(even= حتی)
(Instead of = به جای)
و … و کلمات اطراف واژه ناآشنا شما را در پی بردن به معنی آن کلمات یاری می دهد.

دستور زبان

مبحث گرامری این درس عبارت وصفی کوتاه شده می باشد که در زیر به توضیح در مورد آن می پردازیم.
۱٫ گروهی از کلمات مرتبط به هم که فاعل و فعل ندارند یک Phrase یا عبارت نامیده می شوند.
۲٫ Adjective clause یا عبارت وضعی که دارای فاعل و فعل است مانند یک صفت عمل می کند تا اطلاعاتی را در مورد شخصی یا چیزی بدهد.
۳ – Adjective clause را می توان به Adjective phrase به دو طریق کوتاه نبود. به این منظور اگر فعل جمله در قضیه وصفی از مشتقات فعل tobe باشد می توان با حذف آن و حذف ضمیر موصولی(that , which , who , …) جمله را بیان کرد. اما اگر در قضیه وصفی فعل جمله ، فعل دیگری به جز مشتقات to be باشد امکان حذف فعل وجود ندارد. در این صورت ضمیر موصولی ( مانند that , which , who…) حذف می شود و فعل جمله به صورت Ing دار نوشته می شود.
اکنون با آوردن مثال در مورد نکات دستوری بالا توضیح بیشتری داده می شود.
مثال :
Heat which is trapped in the atmosphere causes the earth to get warmer.
which is trapped in the atmosphere:adjective clause
Heat trapped in the atmoshper causes the earth to get warmer.
trapped in the atmoshper:Adjective phrase
در عبارت وصفی کوتاه شده ضمیر موصولی which و فعل جمله که از مشتقات فعل to be می باشد یعنی is حذف شده است.
All over the world, there are people who pollute the land, the sea, and the air.
who pollute the land, the sea, and the air:adjective clause
All over the world, there one people polluting the land, the sea, and the air.
polluting the land, the sea, and the air:Adjective phrase
ملاحظه می کنید که فعل این جمله از مشتقات to be نیست بلکه فعل آن pollute می باشد. برای کوتاه کردن این قضیه وصفی به عبارت وصفی ضمیر موصولی who حذف شده است و فعل به صورت Ing دار یعنی polluting نوشته شده است و یا به عبارت دیگر
who pollute = polluting

نقش جمله

۱ – یکی از نقش های جمله (Defining = تعریف کردن – بیان مفهوم) می باشد. در این حالت نویسنده می خواهد که مفهوم چیزی را بیان کند تا خواننده بهتر متوجه آن مطلب شود. مانند
Climate is the average of a regions weather over a period of time.
آب و هوا یعنی میانگین هوای یک منطقه در طی یک دوره زمان.
۲ – از دیگر نقش های جمله می توان به (speculatin = حدس زدن) اشاره کرد. وقتی که شما اطلاعات کافی در مورد مطلبی ندارید می توانید در مورد آن حدس بزنید. در این گونه جملات اغلب از کلمات احتمال مانند:
(may= ممکن بودن)
(probably= احتمالاً)
(possibly= ممکن بودن ، احتمالاً)
(can = توانستن)
(maybe = شاید)
(perhaps = شاید) استفاده می شود.
The earth could get warmer by itself.
زمین امکان دارد خودش خود به خود گرم تر شود.
تمرین :
پاسخ صحیح را از میان گزینه ها انتخاب کنید.
۱٫In some contries , people ….. trash are punished.
1) produce
2) produced
3) produces
4) producing

2. The photographs …….of the Earth were wonder full.
1) take
2) took
3) taken
4) taking

3. factories ……..cool and oil are a danger to the environment.
1) to burn
2) burning
3) burn
4) burned

4. You don’t have to be …………about the baby. I can take care of him.
1) concentrated
2) increased
3) confident
4) concerned

5. By …. Glass, paper and metal , we can save materials , enegy , and money.
1) recycling
2) polluting
3)producing
4) concerning

6.Factories……. air pollution must be closed or controlled.
1) cause
2) causes
3) caused
4) cousing

7.The air water, or land in which living things live is called……..
۱) environment
2) pollution
3) atmosphere
4) weather

8. Many greenhouse gases coming from things we do everyday … energy in the atmosphere and make the Earth warmer.
1) produce
2) trap
3) recycle
4) decrease

9………is the average of a regions weather over period of time.
1) environment
2) atmosphere
3) climate
4) pollution

10. Many types of plants and animals are in danger of ………because human beings pollute their environments.
1) organization
2) extinction
3) civilization
4) distraction

پاسخ:

 

درس چهارم :
مهارت های خواندن
(کاما- کولون -…)

 

۱- یکی از مهارت های خواندن درک روابط میان بخش های مختلف یک جمله و جمله های متن از طریق علائم نشانه گذاری است در زیر با مهمترین این علائم آشنا می شوید.
(,) کاما : کار این علامت «جداکردن کلمات در یک لیست» می باشد. این علامت قبل و بعد از یک قضیه یا عبارت که اطلاعات اضافی درباره یک اسم که آن را دنبال می کند می آید. (:) کولون : کار این علامت معرفی لیستی از موارد می باشد. همچنین برای «بیان کلمات دقیق شخص» یا به عبارت دیگر «نقل قول مستقیم از شخصی» به کار می رود.
(؛) سمی کولون : کار این علامت «جدا کردن دو قضیه اصلی یا بیشتر» به خصوص آن هایی که بدون حرف ربط یا کاما هستند، می باشد.
(-) دَش : به معنای خط تیره است. کار این علامت «جداکردن یک عبارت از بقیه جمله» می باشد که به این وسیله خلاصه مطلب یا نتیجه مطلب را نشان بدهد. همچنین خط تیره قبل یا بعد از یک عبارت جهت «دادن اطلاعات اضافی» به کار می رود.
۲ – معنی برخی کلمه های ناآشنای موجود در متن را می توان از طریق «تصاویر» و «تخیل» و «آشنایی با آن ها در زبان مادری» حدس زد.

دستور زبان

بحث گرامری این درس درباره حروف ربط در عبارات قیدی می باشد که در زیر به توضیح آن می پردازیم.
الف) کاربرد so,such در عبارات قیدی
۱ – به جملات زیر توجه کنید.
Most earthquakes are so weak that they cause almost no damage.
بیشتر زلزله ها آنقدر ضعیف هستند که تقریباً هیچ آسیبی را سبب نمی شوند.
It was such a rainy day that we couldn’t go walking.
آنچنان روز بارانی بود که ما نتوانستیم به پیاده روی برویم.
So,such در این مثال ها به معنای «آنقدر و آنچنان» هستند و معنای قید یا صفتی را که بعد از آن می آید، شدت می بخشند.
۲ – so قبل از صفت یا اسم می آید و به دنبال آن یک that clause یعنی جمله ای که با that آغاز می شود
So + صفت یا قید+ that + …….
۳ – such قبل از صفت همراه اسم می آید و به دنبال آن یک that claue می آید.
Such + صفت یا قید+ اسم + that +………
ب) کاربرد too , enough در عبارات قیدی
۱ – به جملات زیر توجه کنید.
The situation ofter the earthquake was too bad to explain.
وضعیت بعد از زلزله برای توصیف بسیار بد بود.
She isn’t old enough to go to school yet.
او هنوز به حد کافی بزرگ نشده که به مدرسه برود.
کلمه enough بعد از صفت یا قید در جمله قرار می گیرد و حد کافی را می رساند. کلمه too بر سر صفت یا قید می آید و به آن شدت می بخشد. Too در اینجا به معنای خیلی زیاد می باشد.
۲ – کلمه enough به معنای کافی گاهی قبل از اسم می آید و در این صورت نقش صفت را بازی می کند مانند :
Enough money پول کافی
Enough experience تجربه کافی
۳ – هنگامی که enough بعد از صفت یا قید در جمله بیاید بعد از آن می تواند فعل به صورت مصدر با to قرار گیرد به صورت زیر :
صفت یا قید+ enough + to‌مصدر با + …..
به یک مثال دیگر توجه کنید:
She is experienced enough to get this job.
او به حد کافی با تجربه هست که این شغل را بگیرد.
هنگامی که در جمله too بر سرصفت یا قید می آید معمولاً به دنبال آن فعل مصدری با to قرار می گیرد. در این صورت ظاهر جمله مثبت است ولی مفهوم آن منفی است.
Too + صفت یا قید + to‌مصدر با + ……..
به این مثال توجه کنید:
I was too busy to talk to you last week.
من هفته گذشته خیلی گرفتار بودم که با شما صحبت کنم. و یا بهتر است بگوییم «من هفته گذشته آنقدر گرفتار بودم که نتوانستم با شما صحبت کنم.
۴ – گاهی به دنبال too , enough که بر سر صفت یا قید آمده باشد، حرف اضافه for و یک مفعول اسمی یا ضمیری می آید و سپس فعل مصدری با to نوشته می شود. مانند
It is too hard for me to lave my family.
برای من خیلی سخت است که خانواده ام راترک کنم.
۵ – کاربرد that بعد از enough و too همراه یک جمله (مانند کاربرد that clause در توضیحات so, such) اشتباه است.

نقش جمله

۱ – یکی از نقش های جمله «نام گذاری کردن » یا Naming است.گاهی اوقات نویسنده با یک توصیف کوتاه یا بلند به یک شخص یا یک شیء نام یا لقب می دهد. اغلب در این گونه جملات کلماتی مانند be called – named – known استفاده می شود. مانند :
The scientific study of the earth is called geology.
2 – از دیگر نقش های جمله «فرضیه ساختن» یا «Hypothesizing» است. هنگام فرضیه ساختن نویسنده سعی دارد برای توضیح بیشتر چیزی که نمی شناسیم یا نمی دانیم راهی را پیشنهاد دهد. اغلب در این موارد از کلماتی مانند be thought- believed- estimated استفاده می شود. مانند :
It is thought that about too shocks eacks each year have this power they accure in a populated area.

تمرین:
گزینه صحیح را انتخاب کنید.
۱- peter is not ………to get this job.
1) experienced enough
2) such experienced
3) too experienced
4) so experienced

2 – The weather was …. That we desided to stay at home.
1) such, cold
2) so cold
3) cold enough
4) too cold

3 – It was …. Test that half of the students couldnt pass it.
1) so hard
2) such a hard
3) hard enough
4) too hard

4 – Sorry , I couldn’t call you, I was ….. busy yesterday.
1) so
2) such
3) enough
4) too

5 – Do you have …. Money to buy this car ?
1) too
2) so
3) such
4) enough

6 – Emergency numbers are easy enough …. Them.
1) remember
2) to remember
3) remembered
4) remembering

7 – The instruction was ….. that even children could learn it easily.
1) so simple
2) every simple
3) too simple
4) simple enough

8 – This suitcase is too heavy for me ……..
۱) lift
2) to lift
3) for lifting
4) to lifting

9 – Most of the earthquakes are too light to be ….
۱) floated
2) rattled
3) located
4) occurred

10 – scientists can not still……..the exact area and time of an earthquake.
1) exist
2) destruct
3) predict
4) provide

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درس پنجم
مهارت های خواندن
(تضاد-تقابل)

یکی از مهارت های خواندن ، درک موضوع اصلی پاراگراف ها است. این مسئله به درک ساختار متن کمک زیادی می کند. از این درس به بعد با توجه به مهارت های خواندن که معرفی شد، شما می توانید معنی کلمه های ناآشنا در متن را حدس بزنید.
دستور زبان
مبحث گرامری این درس درباره بیان تقابل یا تضاد با استفاده از حروف ربط در عبارت های قیدی است که در زیر به توضیح آن می پردازیم.
۱ – تقابل چیست؟ مقایسه ی بین دو نفر یا دو چیز که فرق بین آن ها را بیان می کند یا اختلاف بین آن دو را بیان می کند.
۲ – کلمه while به معنای (در حالی که – اگر چه) یک حرف ربط است که برای بیان تقابل مستقیم به کار می رود.
۳ – به جز کلمه while کلمه دیگری که برای بیان تقابل به کار می رود کلمه whereas به معنای (از آنجا که – اگر چه) می باشد. کلمه whereas بیشتر در نوشته های رسمی انگلیسی به کار می رود.
حال به چند مثال توجه کنید:
While factory owners are usually rich, the workers are poor.
در حالی که صاحبان کارخانه ها معمولاً ثروتمند هستند، کارگران فقیر هستند.
Whereas Mary is a very talkative gril, her sister is very quiet.
در حالی که مری دختر خیلی پرحرفی است خواهرش خیلی ساکت است.
Peter likes hard work, while jack is a bit lazy.
پیتر کار سخت (زیاد) را دوست دارد، در حالی که جک کمی تنبل است.
نقش جمله
۱ – بعضی از جمله ها نقش (exemplifying = مثال زدن) دارند. نویسنده با آوردن مثال مفاهیم را واضح تر بیان می کند. کلمات کلیدی که در این نقش زبانی به کار می روند عبارتند از : (for example = به عنوان مثال)، (for instance = برای نمونه )، ( like= مانند – مثل) ، (such as = مثل) و ….
۲ – بعضی از جمله ها نقش (classifying = دسته بندی کردن) دارند. دسته بندی کردن یعنی مرتب کردن چیزی به شکل گروهی بر طبق وجوه اشتراکی که دارند. کلمات کلیدی که جهت این نقش به کار می روند، عبارتند از kinds of = انواع از ) ، (types of = انواع از )، (categories of = مقوله هایی از – بخش هایی از ) ، (classes of = ردیف هایی از- طبقه هایی از) و …
تمرین
پاسخ صحیح را از میان گزینه ها انتخاب کنید.
۱٫ He has a very strong body,………her wife has a weak body.
1) whether
2) while
3) until
4) or

2. some people send their children to work ,……..others send their children to school.
1) so
2) after
3) whereas
4) when

3. Marys mother works hard, …. Her father doesnt work at all.
1) too
2) so
3) such
4) while

4. My brother likes chocolate a lot , ……I don’t.
1) while
2) because
3) unless
4) when

5. …… he has not enough money to buy a car, he walkes to work every day.
1) whereas
2) so
3) unless
4) whether

6. Many families live below the …. Line.
1) contrast
2) rich
3) direct
4) poverty

7. some employers …. Children sice they can pay them less.
1) poverty
2) rattle
3) hire
4) trap

8. All children have the ……to go to school
1) rural
2) rule
3) right
4) power

9. An organization for people who do a special job is called…
۱) government
2) union
3) construction
4) apprentice

10 . some children work under dangerous conditions ….. factories whit harmful smokes in the air and handle dangerous materials.
1) while
2) whereas
3) types of
4) such as

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درس ششم
مهارت های خواندن
(حروف ربطی)

۱ – یکی از مهارت های خواندن استخراج نکات مهم متن و انتقال آن ها به یک جدول به منظور سازمان دهی اطلاعات می باشد.

دستور زبان
مبحث گرامری این درس درباره کاربرد حروف ربطی است که برای «بیان منظور» به کار می روند. در زیر به توضیح آن می پردازیم.
۱٫ so that , in order to حروف ربطی هستند که برای بیان منظور استفاده می شوند و معنای آن (برای اینکه، به سبب اینکه) می باشد.
۲٫ بعد از so that فعل به شکل مصدری می آید.
۳٫ so that سازنده یک عبارت قیدی (adverbial clause) می باشد که می تواند توسط افعال کمکی مانند can/ could و will / would دنبال شود، کلمه that اغلب در حرف زدن حذف می شود.
۴٫ سایر کلماتی که برای بیان منظور استفاده می شوند عبارتند از in order that و so as to که هر دو معنای ( به سبب آنکه) می دهند.
۵٫ کلمات so as to , in order to , to , so that همه معانی تقریباً یکسان دارند و برای بیان منظور استفاده می شوند.
اکنون به چند مثال توجه کنید.
He went to USA to continue his studies.
او به ایالات متحده رفت که مطالعاتش را ادامه دهد
They launched a new space probe in order to learn more about Mars.
آن ها یک کاوشگر جدید فضایی پرتاب کردند برای آنکه راجع به مریخ بیشتر بدانند.
I wrote down her number so as no to forget it.
من شماره او را یادداشت کردم که آن را فراموش نکنم.
She is working hard so that she can earn money.
او سخت کار می کند برای آنکه بتواند پول به دست آورد (ذخیره کند)

تمرین
پاسخ صحیح را از میان گزینه ها انتخاب کنید
۱٫ A space probe is a robot vehicle used …. Explore deep space.
1) so
2) for that
3) in order to
4) so as

2. He desided to study hard …. Be accepted in the entrance exam.
1) in order to
2) in order that
3) for that
4) so that

3. He was started exercising so as …. His weight.
1) control
2) to control
3) controlling
4) controlled

4. We may recycle cans, bottle, plastic and paper …. We can save money and materials.
1) to
2) so as to
3) in order to
4) in order that

5. ….. decrease air pollution, factories must move out of the city.
1) so that
2) in order to
3) in order that
4) so as

6. A small amount of something to test is called……..
۱) base
2) sample
3) union
4) feature

7. scientists do research on the ….. of a new kind of spaceship which can be used again and again.
1) advertisement
2) development
3) arroangement
4) excitement

8. Recently a probe discovered enough ice at the moon poles to … a moon base with water.
1) provide
2) arrange
3) explore
4) invent

9.A traveler in a spacecraft is called……….
۱) apprentice
2) server
3) inventor
4) astronaut

10. You should exercise regularly ……have a healthy body.
1) if only
2) in order that
3) so as to
4) so that

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درس هفتم
مهارت های خواندن
(حروف ربط – تقابل)

یکی از مهارت های خواندن ، استخراج نکات مهم متن و سازمان دهی مجدد آن نکات به صورت خلاصه است.
دستور زبان
دستور زبان یا گرامر این درس درباره دو حرف ربط دیگر است که برای بیان تقابل به کار می روند.
۱- کلمات though , although به معنای «اگرچه» (که بیشتر در صحبت کردن به کار می روند) و even though به معنای «حتی اگر چه » نشان دهنده قضیه های تقابل قیدی هستند. این کلمات جهت معرفی عبارتی که عبارت اصلی را تعجب آور می سازد، به کار می روند. بین دو عبارت کاما گذاشته می شود. اکنون به چند مثال توجه کنید:
Although the enternet provides many servies, it has its own problems , too.
اگر چه اینترنت خدما ت بسیاری را فراهم می کند، آن مشکلات خودش را نیز دارد.
She doesn’t know to use the enternet, though she is educated.
او نمی داند که چه طور می توان از اینترنت استفاده کرد، اگر چه او تحصیل کرده است.
Many people ore not able to use enternet, even though it is available for the public.
بسیاری از مردم قادر نیستند از اینترنت استفاده کنند، اگر چه آن را برای عموم در دسترس است.

تمرین
پاسخ صحیح را از میان گزینه ها انتخاب کنید.
۱٫The terms Intrenet and web are aften used interchangeably,….. this is not really correct.
1) as
2) so that
3) because
4) though

2. …. He has a pc, he often doesn’t use it.
1) although
2) though
3) whether
4) in order to

3……. He was a computer engineer, he didn’t know how to fix the computer.
1) since
2) though
3) too
4) whether

4. …… he enternet was first developed for the army, it is now used for many purposes.
1) because
2) since
3) although
4) in order that

5. It is hard to attach a fax into another document. Attach means…
۱) trap
2) connect
3) keep
4) join

6.when computer and communications technologies are …. The result is It.
1) forwarded
2) trans fered
3) combined
4) joined

7. faxes of faxes of faxes become unreadable. E-mail stays readable no matter how many times it is ……..
۱) liked
2) stored
3) composed
4) forwarded

8. you can use the enternet by connecting to a ……
۱) multimedia
2) server
3) person
4) link

9. The main computer in a network is called……..
۱) It
2) enternet
3) web
4) server

10. This software makes it easy to …. Information in databases.
1) access
2) connect
3) function
4) web

پاسخ:

 

 

درس هشتم
مهارت های خواندن
(افعال مدال)

یکی از مهارت های خواندن به خصوص در خواندن زندگینامه ها، استخراج اطلاعات و تنظیم آن ها به صورت جدول زمانی است.

دستور زبان
گرامر این درس درباره کاربرد افعال مدال همراه have و قسمت سوم فعل است . به نکات زیر توجه کنید.
۱- فعل مدال چیست؟ افعالی مانند :
May= ممکن بودن
Can= توانستن
Should = بایستن
که با فعل دیگری که مدال نباشد می آیند تا معنی امکان، اجازه، بایستن و … را بدهند.
۲ – ما از افعالی مانند may,might, should,could,must همراه have و قسمت سوم فعل استفاده می کنیم تا تفسیری از وقایع گذشته ارائه دهیم. به این مثال ها توجه کنید:
She was not at the party. She may have been sick.
او در مهمانی نبود. ممکن است مریض بوده باشد. (نویسنده مطمئن نیست)
He got the best mark in the exam. He must have studied very well.
او بهترین نمره را در افغان گرفت. او باید خیلی خوب درس خوانده باشد.
They had enough time. They could have gone to cinema.
آن ها وقت کافی داشتند. آن ها می توانستند به سینما بروند .(اما این کار را نکردند)
۳ – افعال may , might همراه have و قسمت سوم فعل برای بیان احتمال و امکان انجام کار در گذشته به کار می روند.
۴ – فعل must همراه have و قسمت سوم فعل برای بیان نتیجه گیری از عملی در گذشته به کار می رود.
۵ – فعل could همراه have و قسمت سوم فعل برای بیان توانایی انجام کاری در گذشته به کار می رود. از این ترکیب استفاده می کنیم تا بگوییم که فرصت انجام کاری را در گذشته داشتیم، اما آن کار را انجام ندادیم.
۶ – فعل should همراه have و قسمت سوم فعل برای بیان اینکه کاری می بایستی در گذشته انجام می شده ولی انجام نشده به کار می رود.

تمرین
پاسخ صحیح را از میان گزینه ها انتخاب کنید.
۱٫I hurt my back. I ….. lifted that heavy box.
1) could have
2)might have
3) couldn’t have
4) shouldn’t have

2. she didn’t catch her train. She …. Have left home late.
1) may
2) could
3) can
4) must

3. I cant my pen. I …. Left it on table.
1) should have
2) could have
3) may had
4) might have

4.No one has answered the door. They … gone out.
1) must have
2) could have
3) should have
4) may have

5. why did she order so much food? She …. A lot of guests.
1) should have had
2) might have had
3)may had have
4) should had had

6. A woman of a Christian community is called……
۱) union
2) misstionar
3) nun
4) voluntary

7. Edison worked on many projects ,…. Sound recording devices.
1) includes
2) in cluded
3) in cluding
4) include

8. …. Helpers come soon after the earthquake to help injured people.
1) suffering
2) voluntary
3) inactive
4) unducated

9. In 1876 Edison built his …. Laboratory for his researches.
1) private
2) pure
3) public
4) dirty

10. Her trip to India made such a deep … on her that she changed her life style.
1) permission
2) impression
3) preparation
4) function

پاسخ:

 

 

 

نکته های گرامری زبان انگلیسی

نکته های گرامری زبان انگلیسی can – could / had to /have to – has to Can این فعل کمکی توانایی در زمان حال را بیان می کند و بعد از این فعل کمکی از شکل ساده فعل استفاده می شود و فعلی که بعد از can قرار می گیرد نباید ing – ed – es – s داشته باشد.   1- Can john ……. Here by lunch time a) got b) get * c) gets d) getting 2- The children ………. Read this book now. They don’t read it before. a) could b) has to c) can * d) had to اگر توجه داشته باشیم قید زمان ما now است بنابراین گزینه c درست است و دلیل دیگر اینکه children جمع است و با گزینه has to قرار نمی گیرد. ۳- The student can ……..the question very easily. a) answers b) to answer c) answered d) answer * 4- We ……..talk about that later. a) could b) can* c) had to d) has to در اینجا بعد از can شکل ساده فعل را داریم و has to چون برای مفرد است، به کار نمی رود چون we جمع می باشد. could ١- توانایی کار در زمان گذشته را بیان می کند. ٢- بعد از آن شکل ساده فعل قرار می گیرد. ٣- could گذشته canمی باشد. a) 1- I can swim well. But I ……..swim very well before. cannot b) shouldn’t c) couldn’t * d) mustn’t تنها گزینه ای که به گذشته اشاره دارد couldn’t است و گزینه c درست است. ۲- All the students could ……..the questions easily yesterday. a) answers b) answer * c) to answer d) answering چون بعد از could فعل بصورت ساده قرار می گیرد. ۳- Could you …….. English 4 years ago. a) wrote b) to write c) writing d) write * Could فعل کمکی زمان گذشته است و ago هم زمان گذشته را نشان می دهد و بعد از could باید فعل به صورت ساده بیاید.   4- He couldn’t ……..how jet engines work. a) explains b) explain * c) to explain d) explaining   چون could زمان گذشته است و بعد از آن فعل به صورت ساده بیان می شود. have to – has to ١- اجبار در زمان حال را بیان می کند. ٢- بعد از آن فعل به صورت ساده بیان می شود   1- I have to ……… an appointment with the dentist. a) makes b) make * c) to make d) making بعد از has to و have to فعل باید به شکل ساده بیاید. ۲- Does she ……… speak French in her job? a) has to b) had to c) have to * d) can ابتدا ذکر می کنیم گزینه a درست است اما باید دقت کنیم که وقتی که has to و have to با فعل کمکی سؤال می شود، فعلهای کمکی این دو فعل do،does هستند و یادمان باشد وقتی has to با فعل کمکی does سئوالی شود، فعل تبدیل به have to می شود. ۳- She has to ……… her lesson carefully. a) study * b) studied c) to study d) studying 4- Does john ……..help his mother at home? a) have to * b) has to c) had to d) can چون جمله با فعل does سؤالی شده has to تبدیل می شود. had to مجبور بودن ١- had to اجبار در زمان گذشته را بیان می کند. ٢- گذشته have to و has to، had to می باشد. ٣- بعد از had to باید شکل ساده فعل قرار بگیرد.   1- They didn’t know the address. They ……… ask a policeman. a) have to b) can c) had to * d) can چون اتفاق در زمان گذشته است از فعل کمکی had to استفاده می کنیم. ۲- Reza was late for class. He ……..see the teacher. a) has to b) can c) should d) had to * چون was گذشته است بنابراین had to صحیح می باشد. ۳- The old man was sick. He had to ……….The doctor. a) saw b) see * c) sees d) seen چون was گذشته است و در جلسه had to داریم بنابراین باید شکل ساده فعل قرار بگیرد. ۴- I had to ……… for her three hours yesterday. a) wait * b) waiting c) waited d) waits as…….as / should / صفت تفضیلی برتر Should ١- should، باید اخلاقی و اجتماعی است. ٢- بعد از آن فعل به شکل ساده قرار می گیرد. بر خلاف has to و have to و had to که اجبار را می رسانند، should یک کار اخلاقی را می رساند و در زمان حال بیان می شود. ۱- We have a test at 7 o’clock. We……… get up early. a) should * b) could c) had to d) has to جمله چون زمان حال را نشان می دهد می توانیم در گزینه should و has to را انتخاب کنیم. اما فاعل جمع است و has to برای فاعل مفرد به کار می رود. بنابراین گزینه a صحیح است. ۲- They don’t know the address. They should ……..a policeman. a) asks b) to ask c) asked d) ask بعد از should شکل ساده فعل می آید. ۳- You like to learn English. You should ……….Hard. a) studied b) to study c) study * d) studying 4- The student wants to understand the question. He should ……….Carefully. a) listened b) to listen c) listening d) listen * صفت تساوی as…….as اگر دو شخص و یا صفتی را به طور یکسان داشته باشند از ساختار صفت تساوی استفاده می شود. as صفت as 1- My hand writing is as ……..as my sister s handwriting. a) better b) good * c) well d) best 2- This story book is ……… that one. a) more interesting b) as interesting as * c) the most interesting d) interesting چون برابری دو داستان است از صفت تساوی استفاده می کنیم. ۳- Her voice is as……… as mine. a) better b) good * c) well d) best 4- This house is……..that one. a) bigger b) biggest c) as big as * d) big           صفت تفضیلی برتر این صفت، برتری یک شخص و یا یک شیء را بیان می کند نسبت به شخص یا شیء دیگر. est + صفت یک بخشی+ The صفتها را به دو بخش تقسیم می کنیم: صفتهای یک بخشی و یا یک سیلابی و صفتهای چند بخشی. اگر صفت یک بخشی باشد کافی است که er به آن اضافه کنیم و بدنبال آن than را قرار بدهیم. ۱٫ John is ………. than his sister. a) old b) as old as c) older * d) the oldest از گزینه b نمی توان استفاده کرد چون در این جمله than آمده است. ۲٫ The woman is………….the man. a) younger b) the youngest c) young d) younger than * 3. The car is ………. the bus a) newer b) the newest c) new d) newer than 4. The dictionary is ………. the book. a) large than * b) the largest c) large d) larger صفت تفضیلی برتر اگر صفت چند بخشی باشد از این ساختار استفاده می کنیم: More + صفت چند بخشی + than 1. This problem is…………than that problem. a) more difficult * b) difficult c) as difficult as d) the most difficult 2. This garden is ………… than his garden. a) beautiful b) as beautiful c) more beautifully *d) more beautiful در این تست از قسمت c نمی توان استفاده کرد، چون فعل تفضیلی است و ما اینجا باغ را تفضیل می کنیم نه فعل را. ۳٫ A chair is …………. than a bench. a) comfortable b) as comfortable c) more comfortable d) more comfortable * 4. A watch is …………… than a pen. a) expensive b) as expensive as c) more expensive * d) more expensive صفت عالی (ترین) این صفت برتری یک شخص و یا یک شیء را نسبت به چند بخش و یا چند شیء بیان می کند. اگر صفت یک بخشی باشد از این فرمول استفاده می کنیم. est+صفت یک بخشی + The 1. January is ……………. month of the year. a) Colder than b) as cold as c) the coldest * d) coldest 2. John is …………. boy in his family a) shorter b) the shortest c) as shorter as d) shortest 3. This are gallery is ……………. one in our city a) old b) older than c) the oldest d) as old as 4. This chapter is ……………… one in this book. *a) the easiest b) as easy as c) easier than d) easy صفت عالی (ترین) اگر صفت چند بخشی باشد در صفت عالی از فرمول زیر استفاده می شود. صفت چند بخشی+The+most 1.This chair is………..chair in the whole house. a) comfortable b) more comfortable *c) the most comfortable d) as comfortable as 2.This park is ………. park in their city. *a) the most beautiful b) more beautiful c) beautiful d) as beautiful as 3.This story is ………..story in the book. a) the most difficult * b) difficult c) as difficult as d) more difficult 4.This lesson is …………… lesson in our book. a) the most important* b) important c) more important d) as important as much,many / bad-worse-worst / good- better- best / ترتیب قرار گرفتن کلملت در جمله Good- better- best صفت تفضیلی و عالی در صفت good بصورت زیر است: (Good- better- good) این صفت جزء صفات بی قاعده است. تابع قوانینی که گفته شد نیست. یعنی er یا es نمی گیرد.   1. The lunch was ………..than the breakfast. a) good b) better * c) as good as d) best 2. Mary is …………. student in her class. *a) the best b) better c) good d) as good as 3. It is………..story book that I have ever read. a) best b) worse c) better than d) the worst * 4. This is………. school in this city. a) best b) the best * c) better d) good (bad- worse- worst) صفت تفضیلی و عالی در صفت bad به صورت زیر است: (bad- worse- worst)   1. Your handwriting is ………. my handwriting. a) bad b) worse than * c) the worst d) as badly as 2. I can not read what john has written. He has the ………handwriting in the class. a) best b) least c) most d) worst * 3. This is ………. story book that I have ever read. *a) the worst b) bad c) worst d) worse than 4. I did not like the dinner. It was……….one. a) the worst * b) bad c) worst d) worse than       Much , many much و many در صفت تفضیلی، more در صفت عالی most می شود.   1. Reza has ………. book than his friends a) much b) many c) more * d) the most 2. Mary has ………. friends of all. Of all در اینجا نشان دهنده چند چیز است که نشان دهنده صفت عالی است. a) more b) the most * c) much d) many 3. An armchair is ………. comfortable of all. a) the most * b) more c) much d) many 4. Tehran is ………. important city in Iran. a) more b) much c) most d) the most * ترتیب قرار گرفتن کلمات در یک جمله برای ساختن یک جمله انگلیسی به صورت زیر عمل می کنیم: ( قید زمان + قید مکان + قید حالت + مفعول + فعل + فاعل ) توجه: قید تکرار usually- always و …. بعد از فاعل و فعل کمکی و قبل از فعل اصلی قرار می گیرد.   1. Ali ate………… a) quickly the sandwich over there b) quickly over there the sandwich c) the sandwich quickly over there * d) the sandwich over there quickly 2. Does ………. his homework carefully? a) always he do b) always do he c) he do always d) he always do * 3. The teacher………. a) taught the lesson carefully yesterday * b) taught the lesson yesterday carefully c) the lesson taught carefully yesterday d) yesterday taught carefully the lesson 4. The old man was walking……….. a) slowly in the park this morning * b) in the park slowly this morning c) slowly this morning in the park d) this morning slowly in the park Question tag سؤالی کوتاه با People – crowd – The police / set , used Question tag جملات سؤالی کوتاه برای یافتن سؤالی کوتاه: ١) اگر جمله مثبت باشد سؤالی کوتاه منفی می شود و بالعکس. یعنی اگر جمله منفی باشد سؤالی کوتاه مثبت می شود. ٢) اگر در جمله فعل کمکی وجود داشت از خود این افعال کمکی استفاده می شود در غیر این صورت از do و does برای زمان حال و از did برای زمان گذشته استفاده می شود. ٣) به جای اسم از ضمیر فاعلی مناسب استفاده می کنیم.   1.Reza spoke to the teacher yesterday morning,……….. a) didn’t he * b) did he c) did Reza d) didn’t Reza 2.I never write my homework with a pencil…………? a) don’t you b) do you c) don’t I d) do I * 3. The teacher speaks English fast…………..? a) didn’t he b) does he c) did he d) doesn’t he * 4. Parvin was running in the yard………….? a) wasn’t she * b) was she c) did she d) does she دو نکته در مورد سؤالی کوتاه: ١) در جملات شرطی سؤالی کوتاه را بر مبنای main clause یا جواب شرط می سازیم. ٢) قیود تکرار نیمه منفی مانند rarely, seldom, hardly در جمله باشد را کاملاً منفی فرض می کنیم پس سؤالات کوتاه را مثبت می سازیم. ۱٫ If she comes here, she will see her sister,…….? a) doesn’t she b) does she c) won’t she * d) will she 2. The man can hardly walk………….? a) can’t he b) can he * c) can’t the man d) can the man 3. If you came he would study………….? a) didn’t you b) wouldn’t you c) wouldn’t he * d) didn’t he دو نکته دیگر در مورد سؤالی کوتاه سؤالی کوتاه I am می شود: aren’t I جملاتی که با some one, nobody, everybody و… شروع می شود در سؤالی کوتاه از ضمیر فاعلی they استفاده می کنیم. ۱٫ I am a teacher……….? a) am not I b) am i c) aren’t I * d) are you 2. Nobody phoned while I was out………? a) did they * b) didn’t they c) didn’t he d) doesn’t he در سؤالی کوتاه از ضمیر فاعلی they استفاده می کنیم. Nobody در جمله منفی است و گزینه a درست است. ۳ .Every body attended the meeting………….? * a) didn’t they b) doesn’t he c) did they d) didn’t he 4. Some body borrowed my coat yesterday…………? a) don’t they b) didn’t they * c) did they d) do they   سؤالی کوتاه با set , used to 1. She set the table for lunch……….? a) does she b) doesn’t she c) did she d) didn’t she * Set در تست شماره ۱ زمان گذشته می باشد زیرا اگر زمان حال بود s سوم شخص مفرد می گرفت ۲٫ She used to be a good tennis player………….? a) did she b) didn’t she * c) does she d) doesn’t she used to عادتی است در زمان گذشته که اکنون ترک شده است پس در سؤالی کوتاه از فعل کمکی did استفاده می کنیم. ۳٫ John read the story from beginning to the end………….? a) doesn’t b) does he c) didn’t he * d) did he 4. Mary put on her warm cloths…………….? a) doesn’t she b) didn’t she* c) does she d) did she وجود People – crowd – The police در جملات سؤالی کوتاه People – crowd – The police اسامی جمع هستند و در سؤالی کوتاه باید از ضمیر فاعلی they استفاده کنیم. تست:   1) The police never found the money stolen in the robbery………? a) didn’t he b) did he c) didn’t they d) did they * 2) People usually don’t like being in crowded places,………..? *a) do they b) don’t they c) does he d) doesn’t he 3) The crowd attended the meeting eagerly,……………? a) don’t they b) do they c) didn’t they * d) did they وجه مجهول “Passive case” / جملات مجهول / معلوم و مجهول وجه مجهول “Passive case” برای مجهول کردن یک جمله معلوم: ۱) مفعول را به اول جمله و به جای فاعل قرار می دهیم. ۲) فعل To be مناسب با زمان جمله را اضافه می کنیم. ۳) قسمت سوم فعل (P.P) را اضافه می کنیم. توجه: فاعل جمله را می توان با حرف اضافه by به آخر جمله اضافه کنیم.   1) A: did you clean the room? B: No, it……………tomorrow. a) will clean b) cleans c) will be cleaned (قسمت سوم فعل) * d) is cleaning 2) The film ……… in this building on Mondays. a) show b) are shown * c) were shown d) are showing 3) The English language………..in a lot of countries nowadays.→ اشاره به زمان حال دارد. a) is speaking b) has spoken c) is spoken * d) was speaking 4) When I was very small I …………. in the park one afternoon. a) had lost b) have lost c) lost d) was lost * جملات مجهول اگر فاعل جمله به صورت شیء باشد در آخر جمله مجهول آن را با یکی از حروف اضافه in، with می نویسیم. ۱٫ The room was filled………..smoke. a) by b) with * c) at d) on Smoke فاعل جمله است. ۲٫ The lock was covered ………. paint. a) with * b) by c) at d) on 3. Pepper was contained …………. the food. a) with b) in * c) at d) by 4. The sea was polluted…………oil. a) by b) on *c) with d) in معلوم و مجهول Money- homework یک اسم غیر قابل شمارش است و باید با فعل to be مفرد به کار رود. ولی دلار، مارک و ریال قابل شمارش است. تست ۱٫ A lot of money ………… to be spent on repairs to the house. a) needed * b) need c) are needed d) has needed 2. How much homework…………. by the students. a) are done b) is done * c) is doing d) are doing 3. How many dollars ……………… on educational programs? a) should spend b) spend c) are spending * d) should be spent ضمایر موصولی Relative pronouns ضمایر موصولی Relative pronouns whose ضمایر موصول ضمایری هستند که دو یا چند جمله را به هم ارتباط می دهند. whose ضمیر موصولی است که حالت مالکیت را بیان می کند. اسم مورد تملک + whose + انسان ۱٫ The children ………… painting prize were given ten pounds each. a) who b) that c) what d) whose * 2. The writer………….works are always admired by people all over the world is William Shakespeare. a) whose * b) whom c) which d) who 3. Amin……… father works in this department store is in our class. a) that b) which c) whose * d) whom 4. The man over there………. name I don’t remember is an artist. a) who b) whose * c) whom d) that     Who Who ضمیر موصولی می باشد که مرجع آن شخص است در حالت فاعلی : فعل + who + شخص   1- The writer ………..has written this interesting story is very famous. a) whose b) whom c) which d) who * 2- The mechanic ……..is repairing the car is his friend. a) whose b) whom c) who * d) which 3- I don’t like people ……… lose their tempers easily. a) whom b) who * c) whose d) which 4- The man ………..telephoned you lives in this house. a) whose b) whom c) who * d) which whom مرجع whom شخص است در حالت مفعولی: فاعل + whom + شخص   1- The boy ……….you were quarreling with is my cousin. a) whose b) whom * c) which d) what 2- The lady ……….. I expected hasn’t com in yet a) whose b) which c) whom * d) what 3- The man …………. They employed has blue eyes. a) whose b) which c) where d) whom * 4- The man ………..they employed has blue eyes. a) whose b) whom * c) which d) when which مرجع which شیء و یا حیواناتی می باشد در حالت فاعلی و مفعولی. فعل یا فاعل + which + شیء یا حیوان   1- The car ………..was talking us to the airport broke down. a) which * b) who c) whose d) whom 2- The ladder on ………. I was standing began to slip. a) whose b) where c) which * d) that 3- The cars …………were fixed yesterday are over there. a) which * b) who c) whore d) whom 4- The letter ……… he has written is in his room. a) who b) whom c) which * d) whose اگر بعد از ضمیر موصولی who، which، that یک فعل to be قرار گرفت، در صورت حذف ضمیر موصولی باید فعل to be بعد از آن هم حذف شود. Who are playing = playing. Who was injured = injured   1- The boys ………football are my friends. a) play b) playing * c) plays d) are playing 2- The man ……….in the accident was taken to hospital. a) who injured b) injured * c) whom injured d) that injured 3- The picture ………… yesterday is over day. a) was drawing b) were drawn c) which was drawing d) drawn * ضمایر ملکی / ضمایر مفعولی / ضمایر انعکاسی – تأکیدی ضمایر ملکی ضمایر ملکی عبارتند از: ours → main .Yours → yours. His, her، its، their. این ضمایر در جمله جانشین (اسم+ صفت ملکی) می شوند و بعد از ضمایر ملکی اسم قرار می گیرد. ۱- When you telephone, I was talking to a friend of …… a) I b) my self c) me d) mine * a + اسم + of ← بعد از آن ضمیر ملکی قرار می گیرد. ۲- My car is blue but …… is not. a) your b) yours * c) you d) yourself 3- A: Are these your pens? B: No, ….are blue. a) our b) us c) we d) ours * 4- A: Is this brother’s umbrella? B: No,….. isn’t the table. a) my b) mine c) him d) his * ضمایر مفعولی بعد از فعل از ضمیر مفعولی استفاده می کنیم که عبارتند از: Me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them   1- Mary and her sister are my best friends. I respect ……….very much. a) they b) themselves c) theirs d) them * 2- Our grandfather told john and ………an interesting story. a) I b) me * c) my self d) mine 3- The man charged ………..five dollars. a) I b) mine c) my self d) us * 4- He wished ……… a pleasant journey. a) we b) us * c) our d) ourselves         ضمایر انعکاسی – تأکیدی ضمایر انعکاسی عبارتند از: Myself- yourself- himself- herself- itself- ourselves- yourselves- themselves   1- The house ……… is beautiful, but the surrounding are rather un pleasant. a) itself * b) him self c) herself d) themselves 2- Our grandfather told john and ………..an interesting story. a) I b) me * c) myself d) mine کاربرد ضمیر مفعولی: بعد از حرف اضافه به کار می رود. کدام گزینه از نظر دستوری غلط است؟   1- It is cold; take your coat with yourself. a) it b) take c) with d) yourself * بعد از حرف اضافه with باید از ضمیر مفعولی استفاده شود نه از ضمیر انعکاسی و به جای yourself باید جمع قرار بگیرد. ۲- I took my brother out with ……..to do some shopping. a) I b) me * c) mine d) my self 3- He doesn’t go near dogs, because he is afraid …….. . a) of they b) to them c) of them * d) them to 4- what was the film like? It was amusing for ……… to watch that film. a) I b) me * c) my d) mine   حرف تعریف معین the / ساختار صفت بعد از فعل to be / فرق میان no و any حرف تعریف معین the قبل از قسمتی از روز از حرف تعریف the استفاده می شود. مثل: in the morning, in the evening, in the after noon. قبل از صفات ملکی و روزهای هفته از حرف تعریف the استفاده نمی کنیم. مثل: on Monday 1- Our grand father often says his prayers early in ……… morning. a) a b) an c) —– d) the * 2- My mother will meet ………..my English teacher on ……….. Monday. a) ——/ —— * b) the / the c) ——- / the d) the / ——- 3- They arrived in Tehran in ……..afternoon. a) —— b) the * c) a d) an در شهرها و کشورها ازthe استفاده می شود. ۴- They haven’t seen each other since ……… march. a) the b) a c) ——- d) an در ماهها و سالها و فصول سال the به کار نمی رود و همچنین اسم اشخاص. ۵- I have com to see ……. Jack and his family. a) a b) —— * c) the d) an 6- They arrived in ………. Tehran in the morning. a) the b) a c) an d) —— * 7- Which sentence is grammatically wrong? a) I didn’t listen to the news last night. b) We get heat front the sun. c) I have come here to see the Mary * d) With this sentence on the blackboard. ساختار صفت بعد از فعل to be به ساختار زیر توجه کنید: فعل با to + ( مفعول یا for) + صفت + فعل to be + it کدام گزینه از نظر دستوری اشتباه است؟ ۱- A: what was the film like? 1 2 B: it was boring to me to much that film. 3 4 گزینه ٣ درست است چون مفعول ما یعنی me همراه to نمی آید بلکه باید با for همراه باشد. ۲- Is it possible ……… to read a book in a dark room? a) for he b) to him * c) for him d) to he 3- It is not difficult for a good student ……… good marks. a) get b) to get * c) getting d) got ۴- کدام گزینه از نظر گرامری درست است؟ a) It is easy for he to find a job. b) It is important he on time. c) It is necessary for him to stand in line. * d) It is safe to him swimming in this river فرق میان no و any No در جملاتی به کار می رود که در آنها not و یا never وجود نداشته باشد. Any در جملاتی به کار می رود که در آنها not و یا never وجود نداشته باشد. هر دو جمله را منفی می کند و بعد از آنها اسم قابل شمارش قرار می گیرد و جمع و هم اسم غیر قابل شمارش و مفرد. ۱- There is ……… paper on the desk. a) any b) few c) many d) no 2- There aren’t ………… students in the classroom. a) no b) any * c) some d) much 3- A: did any body telephone me in the morning? B: No,…….. telephoned you in the morning. a) every body b) some body c) any body d) no body * 4- John wanted to buy a new car, but he didn’t have …….money. a) any * b) no c) some d) many زمان حال ساده / زمان حال استمراری / ماضی نقلی / وجود قیود زمانی در ماضی نقلی زمان حال ساده زمان حال ساده برای بیان عملی است که به صورت تکرار و یا عادت انجام می شود و وجود قیود تکرار می تواند یکی از نشانه های این زمان باشد. Usually- always- generally 1- How much ……… you generally pay for a pair of shoes? a) do * b) dose c) was d) were 2- We ……… ten new words every day. a) learns b) learned c) learn * d) to learn 3- He ……… to Washington once a week. a) drives * b) driving c) drove d) driven 4- Water ……… at 100 cc a) boil b) is boiling c) boils * d) to boil   زمان حال استمراری زمان حال استمراری در بیان عملی است که هم اکنون و در حال حاضر در حال انجام است. وجود قیود زمانی می تواند نشانه این زمان باشند. (at this moment, at present- now)   1- At present they ……… many new highways in Tehran. a) build b) built c) are building * d) to build 2- He ……..pepper on his egg now. a) puts b) has put c) put d) is putting * 3- I see that you ……….your new Suit now. a) wear b) are wearing * c) wears d) wore 4- The weather ……… better and better. a) got b) gets c) is getting * d) get وجود افعال (Look! Be quiet! Listen! Be careful!) در جملات حال استمراری   1- Be quiet! The body …… a) is sleeping * b) sleeps c) had slept d) sleeps 2- Look! The man ………. after the train. a) runs b) has run c) run d) is running * 3- Look! The cat ……….. To climb that tell tree. a) try b) tries c) is trying * d) to try 4- Listen! Some one ……… at the door. a) is knocking * b) knock c) knocks d) to knock ماضی نقلی این زمان برای بیان عملی است که در وقت نامشخص در گذشته آغاز شده و اثر آن تا زمان حال باقی است. طرز ساختن این زمان: since و for قید زمانی + قسمت سوم فعل+ have و has + فاعل مبدأ زمان: since، طول زمان: for 1- He is tired, because he …….. football since afternoon. a) have played b) has played * c) had played d) played جمله ای که قبل از because قرار گرفته زمان حال ساده است و جمله ای که بعد از because قرار می گیرد باید ماضی نقلی باشد. ۲- John is unhappy because he ……….his money. a) lost b) have lost c) has lost * d) lose 3- She …….. here since 1948. a) worked b) have worked c) has worked * d) was working 4- I ……… in Greece since 1976. a) have lived * b) lived c) has lived d) was living وجود قیود زمانی در ماضی نقلی ماضی نقلی یک سری علائم دارد. مثل: (several times- yet- so for- up to now)   1- I ……… to him a bout it several times. a) have spoken * b) am speaking c) speak d) spokes 2- She …….. English for 8 years. a) studied b) have studied c) has studied* d) studying 3- We …….. ۱۷ lesson so for. a) have learned * b) has learned c) learned d) were learning 4- Ali ……..yet a) didn’t come b) haven’t come c) hasn’t come * d) wasn’t coming زمان گذشته ساده “Simple past tense” / ماضی بعید “Past perfect tense” زمان گذشته ساده “Simple past tense” این زمان برای بیان عملی است که در وقت مشخص، در گذشته آغاز شده و پایان یافته باشد. طرز ساختن زمان گذشته ساده قید زمان + بقیه جمله + قسمت دوم فعل یا قسمت گذشته فعل + فاعل Yesterday, last, ago مهم ترین قیود زمان هستند. تست:   1) The plane …………Shiraz last night at midnight. a) leave b) leaves c) left * d) have left *وجود قید زمان last night نشان دهنده زمان گذشته ساده است. گزینه c گذشته leave می باشد. نیمه شب گذشته هواپیما شیراز را ترک کرد. ۲) We ………..our dinner half an hour ago. a) finishes b) were finished c) had finished d) finished * *وجود قید زمان ago نشان دهنده زمان گذشته ساده است و گزینه d درست است. ۳) Yesterday I ……….to the library to borrow a book. a) went * b) go c) am going d) to go *yesterday در اول جمله آمده است چون قید زمان برای تأکید می تواند در اول جمله قرار بگیرد. گزینه a درست است زیرا went گذشته go است. دیروز من رفتم به کتابخانه که یک کتاب قرض بگیرم. با توجه به قید زمان جمله گزینه a درست است. ۴) he went to the restaurant and ………..some food. a) order b) ordered * c) to order d) orders *با توجه به جمله اول که می گوید او رفت به رستوران باید توالی زمان ها را رعایت کنیم. گزینه b را انتخاب می کنیم. بعضی از فعل های ما با قائده هستند و بعضی ها بی قائده هستند. افعال با قائده با گرفتن d یا ed به فرم گذشته تبدیل می شوند. افعال بی قائده شکل و قیافه افعال خودشان می شود و بایستی آن افعال را حفظ کنیم. ماضی بعید “Past perfect tense” این زمان برای بیان عملی است که در زمان گذشته و قبل از یک عمل دیگر به وقوع پیوسته باشد که اولین عمل را به ماضی بعید و دومین عمل را به گذشته ساده می نویسیم: ……. +( P.P) قسمت سوم فعلhad+ + فاعل وقتی دو تا عمل در گذشته اتفاق بیافتد اولی به ماضی بعید و دومی را به گذشته ساده می نویسیم. دیشب قبل از اینکه بخوابم مسواک زدم. دو تا عمل را در یک گذشته انجام دادم. پس مسواک زدن دورتر و ماضی بعید بوده که به ماضی بعید می نویسیم و دومین عمل رفتن به رختخواب بوده که به گذشته ساده می نویسیم. چون این زمان همیشه با ساده دیگری همراه است باید با دقت بیشتری عمل کنیم. تست: ۱) John passed the exam because he ………. enough before taking it. a) had studied * b) has studied c) would study d) was studying *جمله قبل از because زمان گذشته است و بعد از آن ماضی بعید استفاده می کنیم. جان امتحانش را پاس کرد چون درس هایش را قبل از امتحان خوب مطالعه کرده بود. پس اولین عمل را به ماضی بعید می نویسیم یعنی خوب درس خوانده و بعد امتحان داده است. امتحان دادن را به گذشته ساده می نویسیم. پس گزینه a درست است. ۲) I ………..the rooms before they arrived. a) cleaned b) had cleaned * c) cleaning d) have cleaned *قبل از اینکه آنها برسند من اتاقم را تمیز کرده بودم. دو تا عمل در گذشته انجام دادم. اول تمیز کردن اتاق ها بوده، دومین عمل رسیدن آنها بوده است. اولین عمل را به ماضی بعید می نویسیم و جلوی before گذشته ساده قرار گرفته است. پس با توجه به جمله این که بعد از before آمده است و گذشته ساده است پس گزینه b درست است. ۳) The lady ………..the dinner before her husband arrived. a) will cook b) had cooked * c) would cook d) has cooked *آن بانو قبل از اینکه شوهرش برسد غذا را پخته بود. جمله بعد از before گذشته ساده است و پشت آن ماضی بعید قرار می گیرد. گزینه b درست است. ۴) The guests left after they ………… lunch. a) have eaten b) eat c) ate d) had eaten * *مهمان ها بعد از اینکه ناهارشان را خورده بودند رفتند. پس مهمان ها دو تا کار انجام دادند اول ناهار خوردند بعد رفتند. عملی که اول انجام دادند خوردن ناهار بوده است پس باید ماضی باشد و عملی که بعد از آن انجام شده گذشته ساده است. پس گزینه d درست است.   افعال ربطی ” Linking verbs / جمله اسمیه / Suggest افعال ربطی ” Linking verbs افعال ربطی (Linking verb) به شرح زیر می باشند و بعد از آنها صفت قرار می گیرد:   احساس کردن بودن مزه دادن Feel To be Taste به نظر رسیدن بو دادن Look, Seem, Sound Smell   بعد از هر فعلی از قید استفاده می کنیم به جز در مورد افعال ربطی. بعد از این افعال ربطی باید صفت به ئکار ببریم. تست: ۱) Yesterday your brother was sad but today he seems ……………. a) happily b) sad c) happy* d) sadly *seem یک فعل ربطی است و بعد از یک فعل ربطی باید صفت قرار بگیرد چون در جمله but آمده است باید آن تضاد بین دو جمله ایجاد بشود. دیروز برادر شما ناراحت بود اما امروز خوشحال است. بین دو گزینه که صفت است گزینه c را انتخاب می کنیم. ۲) He has worked very hard all day long and now he feels very………….. a) surprised b) tired* c) angrily d) sadly *feel یک فعل ربطی است و باید از صفت استفاده کنیم و گزینه a و b درست است اما با توجه به معنی جمله (او تمام روز سخت کار کرده است و اکنون احساس می کند خیلی خسته است.) گزینه b درست است. ۳) I wouldn’t buy that guitar. It sounds a bit ……… a) cheap b) cheaply c) expensively d) costly* *از بین ۴ گزینه، گزینه d درست است. بعضی از کلمات هستند که علی رغم اینکه ly دارند ولی قید حالت نیستند. گزینه d قید حالت نیست بلکه صفت است. ۴) This tastes …………… what in it? a) quietly b) sadly c) friendly d) delicious* *چه چیزی توی آن هست. گزینه b و c صفت است ولی با توجه به معنی c را نمی زنیم. این خیلی مزه لذیذی می دهد چی توی آن ریخته اید. گزینه d درست است. Taste یک فعل ربطی است و بعد از آن باید صفت قرار بگیرد. جمله اسمیه “Noun clause” جمله اسمیه: گاه یک جمله می تواند به جای اسم در نقش مفعول قرار گیرد و نقش مفعول را در جمله بازی کند که به آن جمله اسمیه می گوییم. جمله اسمیه را می توان با ضمایر موصولی (When- Where- That) به جمله اصلی مرتبط کرد. جمله ایی که نقش مفعول را در جمله بازی می کند جمله اسمیه نامیده می شود. توجه: جمله اسمیه را هرگز با افعال کمکی ( did- does- do) سؤالی نمی کنیم. تست: ۱) I don’t know what ……….for lunch yesterday. a) did you eat b) do you eat c) you ate * d) you eat *با توجه به وجود قید زمان گذشته yesterday در جمله و انتخاب جمله اسمیه صحیح گزینه c درست است زیرا گزینه های دیگر با افعال کمکی سؤالی شده است و گزینه d مربوط به زمان گذشته نیست. ۲) A: Do you know what she said? B: No, I don’t know ………….. a) what did she say b) what she says c) what does she say d) what she said * *آیا می دانید او چه گفت. نه نمی دانم. گزینه d درست است زیرا جمله اسمیه با افعال کمکی سؤالی نمی شود و در ضمن جمله مربوط به زمان گذشته می باشد پس گزینه d درست است. ۳) I really don’t know where ………. The book I gave him. a) was he left b) he was left c) has he left d) he has left * *گزینه ایی را باید انتخاب کنیم که سؤالی نشده باشد و با افعال کمکی هم سؤالی نشده باشد. پس گزینه d درست است. ۴) Where did he go? او کجا رفت a) he went * b) he goes c) did he go d) does he go *گزینه a درست است. جمله نباید سؤالی باشد و با افعال کمکی سؤالی نشود. چون زمان جمله ما زمان گذشته است گزینه a درست است. Suggest بعد از suggest فعل ing قرار می گیرد. ۱) My uncle suggested …………..a job in a bank a) get b) to get c) gets d) getting * *گزینه d درست است. ۲) It was a lovely day. So I suggested ………….to the park. a) go b) going * c) to go d) gone * بعد از suggest فعل ing می آید. روز دوست داشتنی ای است و برای همین ما پیشنهاد کردیم که به پارک برویم. ۳) He suggested …………….. the children to the zoo. a) Taking * b) to take c) take d) took *او پیشنهاد کرد که بچه ها را به باغ وحش ببریم. ۴) My mother suggested …………….. to the mountains a) go b) going * c) to go d) goes *مادر من پیشنهاد رفتن به کوه را داد. بعد از suggest فعل ing قرار می گیرد. ۱) My uncle suggested …………..a job in a bank a) get b) to get c) gets d) getting * *گزینه d درست است. ۲) It was a lovely day. So I suggested ………….to the park. a) go b) going * c) to go d) gone ترتیب قرار گرفتن صفات در جمله / اسم مصدر “Gerund” / ترتیب قرار گرفتن کلمات در یک جمله ترتیب قرار گرفتن صفات در جمله اسم + (جنس- ملیت- رنگ- اندازه- کیفیت) + a- an- the اسم توسط صفت توصیف می شود و در زبان انگلیسی قبل از آن قرار می گیرد و ممکن است چندین صفت در پشت این اسم قرار گرفته باشد و ترتیب قرار گرفتن صفات باید منطقی باشد. تست: ۱) Is your father going to buy a ………..shirt for your birthday? a) white large French cotton b) large white French cotton * c) cotton white large French d) large white cotton French *گزینه b صحیح است زیرا رنگ، ملیت، ….. داریم. ۲) The guests were sitting at a ………… table. a) large wooden beautiful b) wooden large beautiful c) large beautiful wooden d) beautiful large wooden * *گزینه d درست است. ۳) Mary bought a ………… which was very expensive . a) Persian beautiful carpet b) carpet beautiful Persian c) beautiful Persian carpet * d) beautiful carpet Persian *گزینه c درست است. اسم مصدر “Gerund” بعد از حروف اضافه فعل با ing یا اسم مصدر قرار می گیرد. گاهی اوقات برای ساختن اسم به فعل، ing اضافه می کنیم که آن فعل تبدیل به اسم بشود و به آن اسم مصدر می گویند. بعد از حرف اضافه فعل با ing قرار می گیرد که فعل ing همان اسم مصدر است پس اسم مصدر با اضافه کردن ing به فعل ساخته می شود و وظیفه اسم را دارد و می تواند در نقش فاعل یا مفعول باشد یا بعد از حروف اضافه قرار گیرد. تست: ۱) A: Are you still interested in ……… an article a bout the environment? B: of course and I’ve got an idea. a) writing b) to write c) writes d) wrote * *آیا شما هنوز به نوشتن یک مقاله درباره محیط زیست علاقمند هستید؟ Interested حرف اضافه اش in است. یعنی علاقمند بودن به و ضمناً بعد از اینکه یک حرف اضافه است از اسم مصدر استفاده می کنیم. گزینه d درست است زیرا حرف اضافه in interested است. ۲) John said that he had studied English before ………..the class. a) attend b) attending * c) to attend d) attended * بعد از Before اسم مصدر یا فعل ing قرار می گیرد و گزینه b درست است. جان گفت که انگلیسی را قبل از ورود به کلاس خوانده است. ۳) I prefer riding to …….. a) walk b) walked c) walks d) walking * *من دوچرخه سواری را به پیاده روی ترجیح می دهم و گزینه d درست است. ۴) I am not used to ……….In London. a) driving * b) drive c) drove d) drives *بعد از فعل used to اسم مصدر قرار می گیرد و گزینه a صحیح است. ترتیب قرار گرفتن کلمات در یک جمله قید زمان + قید مکان + قید حالت + (مفعول) فعل + فاعل مفعول را در داخل پرانتز قرار دادیم چون بعضی از مواقع مفعول لازم نداریم. زیرا بعضی وقت ها جمله ما لازم است و مفعول ندارد و بعضی اوقات فعل متعدی است که مفعول دارد. تست: ۱) Which sentence is grammatically right? a) I studied my book carefully yesterday.* b) I studied carefully my book yesterday. c) I studied my book yesterday carefully d) I studied yesterday my book carefully. *سه گزینه دیگر به دلایلی غلط است. جایگاه carefully اشتباه است. گزینه c قید حالت در آخر جمله است و اشتباه است و گزینه d قید حالت در انتهای جمله قرار گرفته است و yesterday بعد از فعل غلط است. ۲) A: where did you eat your sandwich? B: I ate ……….. a) my sandwich quickly here* b) quickly my sandwich here c) here my sandwich quickly d) here quickly my sandwich *در گزینه b قید حالت قبل از مفعول قرار گرفته و اشتباه است. در گزینه c قید مکان در اول جمله آمده و اشتباه است. در گزینه d مفعول در انتهای جمله قرار گرفته و غلط است. گزینه a صحیح است. ۳) Which sentence is grammatically wrong? a) Students must do their homework carefully.* b) I usually go to the library on Mondays. c) John can ride the bicycle now. d) Mary ate quickly lunch in that restaurant yesterday. *گزینه a درست است. در گزینه b، usually بین فاعل و فعل قرار گرفته است و درست است. گزینه c جان می تواند دوچرخه را الان براند. فاعل داریم فعل کمکی can بعد فعل ساده فعل است. گزینه d بعد از فعل ate که نوشته eat است باید مفعول قرار بگیرد و جای quicklyاشتباه است و باید قبل از قید مکان قرار بگیرد. گزینه d اشتباه است.

 

 

 

 

مجموعه سوالات زبان انگلیسی – پیش دانشگاهی

 

  ریاضی شبانه ۸۱_۸۲

 

  دیکته :‌درهر جمله یک کلمه ناقص وجود دارد، آن کلمه را بطور کامل در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

Spelling:
1.Leonardo is an architect and an (inv-ntro).
2. Now, I am (dis – ppo – nted) with him.
3. The young plants need (prot – ction) against the heat.
4. The advantages of such an (agr- ement) are great.
5. we have had a good (dipl-ma-y) in these years.
6. About 70% of your body wight is ( l- quid).  

 

  برای خای خالی هر جمله یک کلمه را متناسب با معنی انتخاب کنید و در پاسخنامه بنویسید:
Brave_property_intrest_nature_project_Available_developing_crack_edge_limitation

Vocabulary:
1. This housing …….has become very costly.
2. You will soon learn about his bad …. You can never trust him.
3. They are playing in the sand at the waters ……
۴٫ I know my own …….. as a painter.
6. That is my personal ……..and not the companys.
7. If you hold a glass under the hot tap, it may …..quite soon.
8. You can not ……him in the subject easily.
9. They live in a ………country, and try to improve it quickly.
10 . More information becomes……….through the use of computer.  

 

  فرم صحیح کلمات را انتخاب کنید.

۱۱٫ He has a good …….of painting which is very costly.
(collect – collection – collective – collectively)

12 .He has always had grat ………in his life.
(succeseful – success – successfully- succeed)

13.I am tired of working , but I cant ……. Them by retiring.
(disappointment – disappoint – disappointed- disappointing)

14. A lot of Lenardos machines did not work ………..
(successful – success – successfully-succeed)

15. It is possible to get …….from hunger and thirst.
(society – property – freedom – disease)

16. This machine has increased the ………… of electronic devices.
(production – producing – productive – produce)  

 

  برای هر تعریف از ستون A یک کلمه از ستون B انتخاب کنید و در پاسخ نامه بنویسید.

Word Defintions
A ستون
۱۷٫ to rest or move on the surface of a liquid or in the air:
18. ready to face danger:
19. stage of social development:
20. The ability to realize right or wrong:
21. Needing immediate decision or action.
22. take somebody away form danger :

Bستون
a- civilization
b- urgent
c- float
d- save
e- brave
f- healthy
g- moral sense

 

  جملات ستون A را با جملات ستون B‌ کامل کنید و جواب قسمت B را در پاسخنامه بنویسید :

Language function : مکالمه
A ستون
۲۳٫ can you tell me where the office is ?
24. Id like some ice – cream, please.
25. you have given me the wrong change.
26. I hurt my leg playing football.
27. I think Iv lost my new glasses.

B ستون
a- I do apologize. Sir
b – I am sorry to hear it.
C – Im afraid I cant
d- we haven’t got any left
e – Just near the elevator.
F – That’s a pity !

 

  سؤالات تستی چهارجوابی :

Multiple choice Questions :
28. He wasn’t strong ………to carry thd suitcase.
(enough – so – too – very)

29 .The students had ……homework that they were busy all the day.

30. These shoes are very heavy. I need a pair of ……. Shoes for
running. (small – expensive – light – cheaper)

31. Lastly, I decided to learn English, The wora Lastly means.
(first – firstly – final – finally)

32. He oppend the cages and let the birds …..to their home.
(flying away – to fly away – fly away – fly)

33. He has no ability to realize right and wrong.He does whatever he likes.
(moral sense – property – development – advantage)

34 . There was an accident, we all heard the …….
(sound – crowd – voice – crash)

35. He is ready to face danger. He Knows no fea. : The underlined words mean:
(architect – brave – painter – crowd)

36. He wrotea letter to his friend , and ………
(so she did – she too did – she did too – so does she)

37. parents should know the advantage pf a good book. The word advantage
means : (important – benefit – major – edit)

38 . John …….. a blue shirt since last Monday.
(has worn – has been wron – has been wearing – have been wearing)

39. I got a mechanic ……..my car yesterday.
(fix – to fix – fixed – would fix)

40 . I can hear a bady ………..in the bedroom.
(to cry – cries – cry – crying)

41 . You should have a high opinion for his wishes.
(Protect – respect – advantage – moral sense)

42. He showed extreme joy when he learned about his grads. What is the meaninge of the word extreme.
(certainly – support – do wrong – the gratest possible)

43.Ali enjoys horse riding. He usually hires a horse . The word hires is the
synonym of : (uses – costs –rents – takes)

44. There is an open area with streets on all its sides. We call it ferdowsi ………
(junction – square – block – avenue)

45. He developed a very expensive house and sold it quit soon the synonym of expensive is :
(conscious – very large – costly – serious)  

 

 

 

  گرامر : با توجه به مفاهیم هر جمله : جای خالی هر سؤال را کامل کنید و پاسخ را در پاسخ نامه بنویسید .(جواب را بطور کامل بنویسید)

Structure
46. The house was very small. We couldn’t live in it.(too)
…………..was………….small for us to ………..in it.

47. John put on a blue shirt last Monday. Hes still wearning it .
John ………………………………………………..

۴۸ . I missed the bus to Azadi street and so did he.(will miss)
I …………the bus to Azadi street and so ……………he.

49 . An insect was crawling up my leg.
I noticed …………………………….

۵۰ . she didn’t make the tea herself.
She had got it ………….yesterday.

51. she didn’t make the tea herself.
She had got it ……………yesterday.  

 

  در متن زیر هشت جای خالی وجود دارد. جای خالی را با یکی از گزینه ها کامل کنید و آن کلمه را در پاسخنامه بنویسید:

(cloze passage)
There is one subject ………(۵۲) us more than any other. There is one subject we ……….. (۵۳) a whole life – time studying: ourselves ! we see everything in the ………..(۵۴)in relation to ourselves. . In this way, we sometimes …….(۵۵) ourselves better. We often ……….(۵۶) ourselves with other pople, and try to see our selves as others see us. Have you ever read, about the ……..(۵۷) of the grat French painter paul pauguin? He had a successful …..….(۵۸) in banking . He suddenly left his family and his job and devoted the ………..(۵۹) of his life to painting:
52. ignores – interests – attacks – offends.
53 . develop – respect – spend – design
54 . universe – house – society – country
55.care – debelop – respect – understand
56 . fasten – compare – join – limit.
57. life – accent – nature – personality
58 . period – property – life – career
59 – rest – whole – extent – mark

 

  درک مطلب :
متن زیر را به دقت بخوانید و به سؤالات آن در پاسخنامه پاسخ دهید.

Comperhersion
When men become organized into very large groups, and civilization develops ,it is possible to get freedom from hunger, thirst, cold, heat and many diseases, so that each person can live a happier life than he could if he were living along, but such a society cannot work successfully unless the freedom of each human being is to some extent limited so that he is kept from hurting others. I an not free to kill others, nor to steal someone elses property, nor to behave in a way that offends against the moral sense of thd society in which I live. I have to limit my own freedom myself so that others will not limit it too much :
I agree to respect the rights of others, and in return they agree to respect mine.

(توجه کنید‌! جای سؤال درک مطلب در پاسخنامه بعد از متن کوتاه قرار دارد)

۶۳٫ what would a man get by living in a society?
It is possible………………………..

۶۴٫ How can a society work successfully?
When the freedom of each………………………….

۶۵٫ what do the pople agree to do in a civilized society?
They agree to ……………………………………  

 

  سؤالهای(درست True) یا ( غلط false) :‌جملات شماره ۶۶ و ۶۷ را بخوانید و در مقایسه با متن درک مطلب، اگر درست است در پاسخنامه T و اگر غلط است حرف F بگذارید.

۶۶٫ people are not free to behave in a way offends against the moral sense of the society.
67. In a civilized society, people are kept from hurting others.  

 

  متن کوتاه :‌جمله های زیر را به دقت بخوانید و با توجه به معنی هر جمله، یکی از جوابها را که دارای معنی مشابه است short passage انتخاب نمائید و حرف مقابل جواب را در پاسخنامه بنویسید(فقط حرف را بنویسید و از نوشتن جمله خودداری کنید)

۶۰ . Leonard invented many interesting machines, but a lof of his nachines did not work very well.
A. His machines did not work at all.
B. The machines he invented were useless.
C. Most of Leonardos machines did not work well.
D. The machines invented by Leonardo were not interesting.

61. When men become organized into very large groups, and civilation develops, it is possible to get freedom from many diseases.
A. people may be free from illnesses if they live together in groups.
B. If people are arganized to gether, they are free from living.
C. By living together, we can live happily.
D.we will live happeir life if we live alone.

62.There are limitations to what M.T can do . It can translate only eight words often.
A. computers can not translate all the words correctly. The texts may have a few mistakes.
B. computer always translate the words correctly.
C. M.T texts translated by computers are full of mistakes.
D. Time is saved by machine translation.  

 

 

 

 

 

تجربی و انسانی روزانه ۸۱_۸۲

 

  کلمه های ناقص در جمله های زیر را کامل کنید.

۱/۲٫ John does str-ng-things.He can walk on a r-pe.
3/4. He needs shelter to pr-te-t him from e-tr-me heat or cold.
5/6. such projects are not available for ordin-ry com-ercial users.
7/8.when man lives laone d-s-ase may a-a-k him.

 

  از گروه کلمه های داده شده زیر کلمه مناسب را انتخاب کنید و در جملات به کار ببرید.

Aware/steep/nervous/costly/qualified/consume/in return/career/translators/ignorance
9.He was so ……… from the news that he couldn’t sit down.
10.I m afraid . you are not ………….enough for this job.
11. Its very difficult to ride a bicycle on roaks which are too ……….
۱۲٫John had a successful…………..in architecture, but he changed his job.
13. If I give you a book,what will you give rne……..?
۱۴٫ some of the ……….are very experienced and it takes a short time for them to do their job.
15. The subway project has become too…for the government.
16.Underdeveloped countries……….mere than they produce.
17.Not many pople are ………of the adbantages of education.
18. Is she a carful person? “No,she does things by…….  

 

  از ستون B کلمه مناسب با تعریف های ستون A‌را انتخاب کنید.

A
19. hard surface
20. to some extant
21.stage of social development
22.do wrong
23.the ability to realize right and wrong
24. to rest or move on the surface of a liquid

B
a.float
b.offend
c.crust
d.civilization
e.moral sense
f.somewhat  

 

  پاسخ مناسب را انتخاب کنید.

۲۵٫Producers cannot succeed unless they pay close attention to the needs of their………….
۱٫ organizers
2. consumers
3.inventors
4. actors

26. Those who eat whatever they find ………their health.
1. cancel
2.melt
3.risk
4.save

27.Sugar………in hot tea faster than in cold tea.
1. applies
2.melts
3.protects
4.shakes

28. when I ……..my answers with the teachers. I found why I had made that mistake.
1. compared
2. handled
3. managed
4.struggled

29. someone may think free education can solve all the problems of …. And build a perfect nation.
1. diplomacy
2. economy
3.nationality
4. society

30. A solution to the problem of unemployment in villages is to encourage the …….of small businesses there.
1. appointment
2 .development
3. experiment
4. instrument

31. scientists have ……..that the worlds population will double by thd end of the 21th century.
1. calculated
2. disappointed
3. offended
4. succeeded

32. A large mosque will be ………near our school next month.
1.constructed
2.complicated
3.corrected
4. calculated  

 

  پاسخ مناسب را انتخاب کنید.

۳۳٫ That picture is ………..heavy to hang ……on the wall.
1. too/ it
2. so / it
3. too/____
4.so/_____

34.were any of them hurt in the fire?
No, and firemen got…. To save their house.
1. there quickly enough
2. quickly enough there
3.there enough quickly
4. enough quickly there

35. Id called him up befor ;
1. had you
2. would I
3. would you
4. had I

36. I ll have my son ……in that institute.
1. train
2. to train
3.trained
4.training

37.There seems to be a baby in the sitting room.
Yes, I can hear it ……..
۱٫ to play
2. crying
3. cry
4.cried

38. The missing boys werd playin near the river.
They were last seen ……near the river.
1. to play
2. play
3.playing
4.played

39.Hes never tired of stuying and………
۱٫ so is mary
2. mary has too
3. mary hasn’t either
4. neither is mary

40.A : I wonder why john didn’t come to the meeting.
B: He …….have known about it .
1. shouldn’t
2. could
3.may
4. might not

41. He wanted to make himself…….
To the foreigner, but he didn’t know English a lot.
1. to understand
2. underestnd
3. understood
4.underestanding

42. Did you buy a new car?
No , I had enough money and I …. A new car but I decided not to .
1. may buy
2. shoulg bay
3. might have bought
4. could have bought  

 

 

 

  با کلمه ها و عبارات داده شده جمله ها را کامل کنید.

۴۳٫Mary didn’t take her children with her and her sister didn’t either.(so)
Mary took…………………….

۴۴٫ Maryam can speak English and her brother can too.
Maryam ………………………….(neither)

45.Did you go to the cinema last night? (could)
No,I ……………, but I didn’t.

46. The children are in the park. I can hear them.
………………………..(to play)

47.Did you have the birthday cake made?
No, I am goin to have it ……..tomorrow.(to make)  

 

  با توجه به توضیحات داده شده جملات ناقص را کامل کنید.

۴۸٫ Did your father buy that home? No, he didn’t
It……………small……………..to live in.

49.Mr. kashani is still eating.He began eating at 9oclock.
Mr , kashani………………..for two hours.  

 

  مکالمه های ستون A,B را مرتب کنید.

A
50. Im looking for the public library.
51. Id like these books, please.
52. would you like to come over tonight?
53. your chil is spilling ink on the floor.
54. my uncle is sick in hospital.
55. what would you like?

B
a. oh, I do apologize
b. certainly , that ll be 2000 toman
c. just a cup of tea, please.
d. I d love to, but we have a test.
e. Turn left into zand street.
f. That’s a pity!
g. Theres one in half an hour.

 

  کدام جمله از نظر تن صدا (intonation) با بقیه فرق می کند.

۵۶٫ does your father come here?
2. I want to see john.
3.That child is sick.
4. what are you doing now?  

 

  در گروه کلمه های داده شده یک کلمه از نظر تکیه (فشار صوت) با بقیه متفاوت است آن را مشخص کنید.

۵۷٫ ۱٫ resource
2. myself
3. exercise
4. fourteen  

 

  با توجه به مفهوم جمله های داده شده پاسخ صحیح را انتخاب کنید.

۵۸٫ Leonardo was the student of a painter, and he become one of the most famous painters who have ever lived.
The above sentence tells us that…………..
۱٫ no painter has ever been as famous Leonardo
2. Lenardo is considered one of the most famous painters in the history of art.
3. famous painters have had students like lionardo.
4. Leonardo has been the most famous painter of the world.

59. A society cannot work successfully unless thd freedom of each human being is to some extent limited so that he is kept from hurting others.
From thd above sentence we understand that………
۱٫ a society cannot work successfully if people ard free in that society.
2. a successful society is a free society
3. if a human being is kept from hurting other, he is successful.
4. to have a successful society, people should give up some of their freedom.

60. The next stage is to develop a system which can be used on microcomputers in an ordinary office. From the above sentence we understand that……….
۱٫ such a system is being used in small offices now.
2. There will be a system which can be used on microcomputers.
3. Already there is a system which can be microcomputers.
4. It is impossible to develop a system which can be used on microcomputers.  

 

  متن زیر را بخوانید و با گزینه های مناسب آن را کامل کنید.

Some countries , like the USA , have tried to reach the moon. A sohort 61 …. Ago, three Americans went up in a 62 ….. named Apollo. Two of them 63 ….safely on the moon. They 64 ….. safely to the earth. There are many problems in traveling into 65….. scientists could not 66 … men to the moon 67 … they solved the 68 …..for example, there is no oxygen for men to breathe.
61.1. year 2.times 3.time 4.tense
62. 1. plane 2. spaceship 3.submaricne 4.boat
63. 1.landed 2.took off 3.got up 4.pickedup
64. 1. I gave back 2. put pu 3. came back 4. picked up
65. 1. darkness 2. sky 3. ground 4. space
66. 1. travel 2.fly 3. send 4.get on
67. 1. till 2. after 3.when 4.for
68. 1. problems 2.computers 3.limitations 4.protections  

 

  متن زیر را بخوانید و به سؤالات آن پاسخ دهید . و یا پاسخهای مناسب را انتخاب کنید.

For the human baby, the period of complete dependence on his mother is longer than it is for the young of any other animal. Even when the child is able to feed himself, he must still depend on the guidance and protection of his elders for many years to come. One might ask why this function could not be left to some kind of organization so that parents might be free to do other duties. The answer, of course lies in the fact that children need more than physical attention. They must have love as well, and this is what only the family can provide. An unloved child will be unable to love people as he grows up.

69. what is the difference between the human baby and the young of other animals?
70. what cant a child whom nobody loves do?
71. what does the word this in line 7 refer to ?

72. According to the passage, a child ………..
۱٫ need no help at all
2. can never feed himself
3. needs his mothers protection
4.should be left alone

73. The best word that can be used instead of elders in line 3 is …….
۱٫ parents
2. people
3. robbers
4.children

Ture or false:
74. According to the passage, children pay attention to physics. ( )
75. Mother need protection of their children.( )  

 

 

 

 

 

جبرانی ۸۱_۸۲ کلیه رشته ها

 

  دیکته : در هر جمله یک کلمه ناقص وجود دارد. آن کلمه را بطور کامل در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

۱٫ You have to be conc-rned about the pollution.
2. positron is the smallest p-rt-cle known to man so far.
3. He hates to be conf-ned within the four wals of an office.
4. she hs seezing, it may be a s-mpt-m of flu.
5. I quit because the money I rec-ved for my job was not enough.
6. Tell him not to talk about the proc-d-res , let him get down to action.  

 

  Vocaburary: برای هر جمله یک کلمه را متناسب با معنی جمله انتخاب کنید ودر پاسخنامه بنویسید.

Social – victims – assistance – mental – closely – will – fine – overactive – discover- resue
7. You know that solving puzzled is a ……..activity.
8. He is one of the ………..of Roodbar earthquake.
9. Keep working hard, Im sure you would ……joy of it.
10 . The next zone is the ……….zone, te distance we like to keep froms stramgers.
11. The boy was drowning. I Jumped into the river to ….. him.
12. The police officer forced him to pay the …….immediately.
13. when he gets angry,he becomes a little…….
۱۴٫ I think he is your brother. He ………resembles you.
15. please call me if you need any ……with your work.
16. with strong……..you can overcome all your problems.  

 

  یکی از کلمات ستون B را متناسب با هر یک از جملات ستون A‌انتخاب کنید و در پاسخنامه بنویسید .

A ستون
۱۷٫ a sudden attack on a place : ………….
۱۸٫ a set of things of the same that you put together …….
۱۹٫ Evry mount of money paid to workers :……………
۲۰ . make somebody do something : ………………….
۲۱٫ all the gasses around the world :…………………
۲۲٫ give somebody a very bad surprise:……………..
۲۴٫ to put into position :………………….

B ستون
A – force
B- shock
C- set up
D – raid
E – collection
F – set off
G – payment
H – atmosphere
I – immediate  

 

  متن زیر را به دقت بخوانید و جای خالی را با یکی از گزینه ها پر کنید و فقط گزینه صحیح را در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

Charles Dickens, The English …….(۲۵), was one of the most famous writer Of all time. He was a good ….(۲۶) of life , and had a great understanding ……………….(27) and needy people.Many of the events and people in his boods are base on events and people in his life.at the age of 12, charles ………(۲۸)in a London factory . He held the job only a short time,but the unpleasant ……..(۲۹) of that factory had a lasting effect on his………(۳۰). He never spoke of it to his wife or his children in later years.
25. (architect – actor- novelist – accountant)
26. (observer- conductor – painter- translator)
27.( rich – poor – nervous – dishonest)
28. (worked – studied – livef – stayed)
29. ( conditions – character – contents – nature)
30 . (time – memory – part – capacity)  

 

  سؤالات تستی چهار جوابی : فقط علامت حرف مقابل هر گزینه را در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

۳۱٫ If we ………the map,we coul not have found the way.
a. have forgetten
b.had forgotten
c. will forget
c. for got

32. It is raining now .
I wish it ……….stop raining.
a.can
b.will be
c.had
d.would

33.I wish I …….. come soon.
a. have
b. had
c. will
c. could

34. what would you ……..if you hadn’t come to class.
a. have done
b. had done
c.be done
d.didnt do

35. I didn’t go to class yesterday.
I wish I ………there yesterday.
a.will go
b.went
c.had gone
d.would go

36. when water freezes,it becomes…………….
a.particle
b. solid
c.liquid
d.aerosol

37. If pollution continues to ……….at the present rate, it will cause an ice age.
a.increase
b.decrease
c.prevent
d.compose

38. The doctor………that I should rest for a week.
a.told
b. said
c.want
d.warm

39.Emil zola is a famous novelist that lived in france.
What is the synonym of the word novelist.
a.in charge
b. factory
c.author
d.teacher

40. to make somebody do what he/she dosrnt want to do . is the definition of :
a.receive
b.force
c.fine
d.attend

41.I followed his lecture closely.The meaning of closely is :
a. detail
b.equip
c.will
d.carefully

42. something for carrying a sick or an injured person in a lying position . is called :
a. stretcher
b.reserves
c. help
d.mobile  

 

  قواعد دستوری : جواب هر سؤال را بطور کامل در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

۴۳٫ They couldn’t go fishing because the sea was stormy.( calm)
They ……..if …………..calm.

44.I didn’t have enough money to buy that coat.
I wish I …………………..

۴۵٫ I will go ti the meeting tomorrow.
He said………………………..

۴۶٫He had breakfast. Then he drove to work.
Having……………………………………  

 

  A – در بین کلمات زیر کدام کلمه از نظر stress با بقیه کلمات تفاوت دارد. آن کلمه را در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

۴۷٫(forget- police- animal – mechanic)  

 

  B- در بین کلمات زیر کدام کلمه از نظر حروف صدادار(vowel sound) با کلمات دیگر متفاوت است آنرا در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

۴۸٫(plain – death – they – great – name)  

 

 

 

  متن کوتاه :

هر قسمت را بخوانید و بهترین پاسخ را متناسب با معنی آن پیدا کنید و فقط حرف مقابل آن جمله را در پاسخنامه بنوسید.

Short passage:
49. The rescue team need to know the place that the accident happened, with a map refrence.
a.they will need to know where people were involved in the accident.
b. they want to know howmany people were involved in that accident.
c. the resue team want to find out what time the accident happened.
d. they will need to know the color of the victims clothing.

50 . The most important zone is the one that the people who are emotionally colseto us can enter it .
a. the zone that we feel comfortable having an ordinary friendly conbersation.
b. the personal zone shows the distance we would choose to talk to our family.
c. our every close friend and families can enter the ultimate zone whiteout discomfort
d. nobody is allowed to enter the personal zone.  

 

  مکالمه : برای هریک از پرسشهای ستون A یک پاسخ از ستون B انتخاب کنید.(فقط حروف را بنویسید).

A ستون
۵۱٫ what time does the train leave to Ahvaz?
52 . can you come over on Friday night ?
53 . what bus do I take to the airport?
54. where would you like to go for dinner?

B ستون
A – you want a number 115.
B – its got a black leather.
C – I d prefer some where quieter.
D – Im afraid I cant.
E – There is one in half an hour.  

 

  درک مطلب : متن را بخوانید و به سؤالات آن پاسخ دهید.

Comprehension:
Many peoples favourite hobby is sport. They spend much of their free time dealing with sports. They play team games like football or baseball, games for two or four people, like tennis or golf, or practicing an individual sports like running, mountain climbing or swimming.
People usually practice a sport for atlrast two reasons. First, they enjoy it and, second they feel a need to keep. But sports are not just for participants, it is for spectators , too.

(سؤال ۵۵ و ۵۶و۵۷ هر کدام ۱ نمره و سؤال ۵۸ و ۵۹ هر کدام نمره دارند)

۵۵٫ How do people spend their free time?
………………………………………….

۵۶٫ What are peoples main reasons to practice a sport?
…………………………………………

۵۷٫would you name three individual games?
…………………………………………………………  

 

  جمله های ۵۸ و ۵۹ را با True با false پاسخ دهید.

۵۸٫ sports are solely for participants……………..
۵۹٫ people practice sports to keep fit and enjoy …………  

هماهنگ کشوری علوم ریاضی ۸۱_۸۲

 

 

Note : write all the answers on the answer sheet.
I. spelling: fill in the blanks with the missing letters. Write the complete words on the answer sheet.

1. when water freezes, it becomes s-lid.
2. He is one of the vi-tims of Roodbar earthquake.
3. Many of them are for-ed to work when they are only ten years old.
4. Our ter-it – ry can be divided four zones.
5. please call me if you need any as –ist-nce.

Answer:
1.solid
2.victims
3.forced
4.territory
5.assistance

II . vocabulary : A.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list below.
There is one extra word.
Fines – involved – charge – pollution- supplies-overactive-rescue – solely – equip – impact – vehicle
6.His brother is deeply……..in business.
7. we buy some of our arms ……form other countries.
8. Nowadays, a serious problem in large cities is air………..
۹٫ The government tries to …….our high schools with modern means of technology like,comuters,videos, etc.
10 . Most developed countries have experienced the …….of new technology on industry.
11. The united Nation is in ……..of maintaining peace all over the world.
12. Most of drivers obey the rules of traffic more carefully because of the heavier….
۱۳٫ Firemen made a brave attempt to …….the students from the burning school.
14. An ambulance is a (n)………..used for carrying sick or injured people to a hospital.
15. The stress caused in overcrowded conditions causes some to be…………

Answer:
6.involved
7. supplies
8. pollution
9. equip
10.imapct
11.charge
12. fines
13. rescue
14.vehicle
15.overactive

B. Word Definitions : Match the definitions in column A whit the words in column B .
There is one extra word in column B.
A
16. to change the usual conditions of something
17. result of the researches and experiments
18. give somebody a very bad surprise.
19. stop somebody from doing something
20 . persons kept back for use when needed
21. to start a journey
22. to need or repuire
23. change in the body condition that is a sign of illness

B
a. set off
b. claim
c. symptom
d. disturb
e. rate
f. findings
g. shock
h. reserves
i. prevent

Answer:
16. disturb
17. findings
18. shock
19.prevent
20. reserves
21. set off
22. claim
23.symptom

III. Structur : A. Choose the correct answer.
24. what would you have bought if you ………enough money?
a.had
b.had had
c.would have
d.have had

25.My friend is always tired because he goes to bed late.
I wish he …………to bed late.
a. wouldn’t go
b. didn’t go
c. hadn’t gone
d. doesn’t go

26. He ………that he didn’t know how to reapair his car.
a. asked
b. told
c. said
d. ordered

27.He hopped that we …….the journey the following week.
a. enjoy
b. have enjoyed
c. will enjoy
d. would enjoy

28. The policeman told me, Don’t park you car on this street.
The policeman warned me….. my car on that street.
a. don’t park
b. didn’t park
c. not to park
d. what I had done

29. john asked me …….after class the day before.
a. what I do
b. what did I do
c. what had I done
d. what I had done

30. My friend had an accident………to work yesterday.
a. driving
b. having driven
c. to drive
c. after driving

31. A: Do you still smoke?
B: No, I ………a month ago.
a. look it up
b. look up it
c. gave it up
d. gave up it

Answer:
24. had had
25. wouldn’t go
26.said
27.would enjoy
28.not park
29.what I had done
30. driving
31.gave it up  

 

 

 

 

B. complete the following reported sentences. You are reporting them after sometime.

32. Reza: I’m meeting my friend at the airport later today.
Reza said that ……………………………………

۳۳٫ I asked my friend, when will you return the book I lent you two days ago?
I ask my friend when …………………………

Answer:
32.Reza said that he was meeting his friend at the airport later that day.
33. asked my friend when he would return the book. I had lent him two days ago.

C. combine the following sentences using verb+ing or having + pp
34. Tom was walking in the rain. He got wet.
……………………………………………….

۳۵٫ I wrote a letter, Then I mailed it on the school.
…………………………………………….

Answer:
34. walking in the rain, Tom got wet.
35.Having written a letter, I mailed it on the way to school.  

 

 

D. complete the following sentence based on the situation given.

36. I didn’t go to see her because didn’t tell the truth.
If you ……………………………….
Answer:
36. If you had told me the tuth, I would have gone to see her.  

 

 

IV . Language function: Match column A with colum B.There is 4 one extraitem in B

A
37.Has the house got a separate dining – room?
38. How longe does the trip take?
39. How often does the bus leave?
40. How can I get to the museum from here?
41. Is there anywhere for the children to play?
42. can I help you?
43.what does your watch look like?
44. Do you like living in Tajrish, Reza?

B
a.you should take a taxi.
b. yes, I want to buy a watch.
c. It’s a citizen.
d.yes it’s a good place to live.
e. No, it hasn’t.
f. 20 hours.
g. what a pity !
h. Every 15 minutes.
i. Yes there is park just down the street.

Answer:
37.e
38.f
39.h
40.a
41.i
42.b
43.c
44.d  

 

 

v. Pronunciation:
A. which of the following words has a different strees pattern.

45.a. never
b.person
c.pencil
d.machine

46. a. telephone
b.experiment
c.direction
c.abiltiy

Answer:
A . 45.d
46.a

 

 

B. In each set of words one is different from the other according to its vowel sound.
Write the different items on the answer sheet.

47. a. plain
b. they
c.pencil
d.machin

48 . a.add
b. back
c. warm
d.laugh

Answer:
B. 47.c
48.c

 

 

c.Intonation:
49. which one of the following sentences has a different intonation pattern?

a. what are you doing?
B.can you hear his car?
c. why did he leave?
C. The story was long.

Answer:
C. 49.b  

 

 

VI . Reading comprehension: A. check the correct answer.

50 . The collection of aerosols reflect the suns heat and cause the Earth to become cool. In other words, another ice age will start if we ……………
a. continue to heat the Earth
b. don’t stop the spread of aerosols
c .increase to power of the sun
d. older relative pay their money to their parents

51. Somtimes a whole family group is employed, with the payment going to a parent or an older relative.
The above sentences tell us that…………….. .
a. The payment is giving all member of the family.
b. B. children work and they are paid money.
c. Children work but the payment is not given to them
d. Older relatives pay their money to their parents

52. Some animals need to stay in touch with each other. Losing contact with the group can be dangerous for them because they may be exposed to enemies.
We understand from the above sentences that some animals………
a. try to lose their contact with each other.
b. Need to have their contact with each other because they face enemies.
c. Should stand far from each other because they may expose to enemies.
d. Like to keep their contact with each other because they don’t like to be alone.

53. Team members keep their personal equipment at home as to be ready to set off within 15 minutes of receiving the call.
It is understood from the above sentence that ………
a. Team members receive the call within 15 minutes.
b. Personal equipment is kept at home.
c. Team members start their journey without personal equipment.
d. Personal equipment is ready within 15 minutes.

Answer:
A. 50.b
51.c
52.b
53.b  

 

 

 

 

B. Cloze passages: Fill in the blanks with the best options.

Penguins get their food from the sea. Although these birds have wings, they never ___54 they use their wings for ___55. Their home is on ____56. when penguins are born, they are afraid of water. Their ___57 have to search for food for themselves and for their ___58. When autumn days grow shorter and it gets cold, penguins___59 to new homes. There, young penguins must learn how to swim and how to find their own food.

54. a. fly
b.play
c.reply
d.try

55. a. walking
b.playing
c.swimming
d.worknig

56. a. canal
b.farm
c.land
d.mine

57. a. bosses
b.parents
c.relatives
d.servents

58.a. sisters
b.children
c.babies
d.brothers

59. a. create
b.educate
c.graduate
d.migrate

At one time people made their own colthes, shoes and many of the things they used in thd house. Now almost every everything is made by ______60and very few things are made by hand.
Students are ______61 dress making, woodwork and painting a school, but few people have things ___62 by themselves in their rooms.
They even find it _____63 to repair something that has been ___64 . It s a shame that people are so modern that they ___65 to make simple beautiful things.

60 . a. architects
b. computers
c. engineers
d. machines

61. a . laught
b. ordered
c. advised
d. direceted

62. a.painted
b.produced
c.processed
d.pleased

63.a.different
b.interesting
c.difficult
d.easy

64.a. discovered
b.invented
c.stolen
d.broken

65.a.work
b.forget
c.remmember
d.remind

Answer:
54. a
55.c
56.c
57.b
58.c
59.d
60.d
61.a
62.b
63.c
64,d
65.b  

 

 

C. Read the following passage answer the questions.

Education is the process by which people gain knowledge, skills, habits, and values. The word education is also used to describe the results of the educational process. Education should help a person become a useful member of society. It should also help him develop an understanding of his culture and live a better life. The most common way to get an education is to attend school. But much education also takes place outside the classroom.
Education involves both learning and teaching. Sometimes, people learn by teaching themselves. But they also learn with the help of other people such as parents or teachers. Parents are a Childs first and perhaps most important teachers. But few parents have either the time or the ability to teach their children everything that they need to know. A modem society cannot continue its life without education. But most nations consider educations benefits to individuals equally as important as its benefits to society.

66. what is the most usual way to get an education?
67. where does much education occur?
68.who are the first teachers of a child?
69. Do most people regard the advantages of education only to the individuals?

70. The word they in line 9 in second paraghraph refers to ……
a.pepole
b.teachers
c.parents
d.children

71. we understand from the passage that most parents send their children to school because they ………
a. are to busy to teach them at home.
b. don’t get much benefit from teaching
c.have to attend schools themselves.

72. Education includes only teaching.
a. True
b. false

73. It is possible to be educated without attending school.
a. True
b. False

Answer:
66. The most usual way to get an education is to attend school.
67. Much education occurs outside the classroom.
68. Parentes are frist teachers of a child.
69. No, they don’t regard the advantages of education to individuals?
70 . d
71. a
72. b
73.a  

 

 

 

 

 

شبانه علوم تجربی و انسانی ۸۲

 

 

دیکته : کلمات ناقص زیر را بطور کامل در پاسخنامه بنوسید.

I. spelling : fill in the blands with the missing letters.

A-ros-ls(1) are very fine particles in the air They can fl—t(2) in the air.when water freezes it becomes s-lid(3) . The resue teams call out proce-ure(4) began . please call me if you need any as-ist-nce (5).Our ter-it-ry(6) can be divided into four zones. He is one of the vi-times(7) of Roodbar earthquake. These are the sy-ptms(8)of flu.

Answer
1 – Aerosols
2 – float
3- solid
4 – Procedure
5 – assistance
6 – territory
7 – Victims
8 – symptom  

 

 

II. vocabulary: A. fill in the blan a with the words given There is one extra word:

کاربرد لغت : جای خالی را با لغات داده شده پر کنید یک لغت اضافی است؟

(mobile – blood – rather-suplies-located- lipuid- vehicle)
9. we buy some of our arms ………from other contries.
10 An ambulace is a (n) used for carring sick or injured people.
11. water, milk and blood are instances of …….substances.
12. His house is ………. Away from heart of the city.
13. There are a lot of ………hospitals in rural areas.
14. I am………puzzled by you question.

Answer
9 – supplies
10 – vehicle
11- liquid
12 – located
13- mobile
14- rather  

 

 

B. Word definitions: Match the definition in A with words in B. There is one extra word in B.

با توجه به تعریف ستون A لغت مناسب را از ستون B پیدا کرده و درپاسخنامه بنویسید در ستون B یک لغت اضافی است.

A
15. attack, crowed into
16. give somebody a very bad surprise
17.to start a journey
18. to move something to a later time

B
a- delay
b- invade
c- shock
d- claim
e- set off

جواب صحیح را انتخاب کنید.

C: choose the best choice.

19_most papers ……….. water.
a-attend
b-absorb
c-charge
d-let

20_the doctor ………… on the patient to remove the damaged part of his leg.
a-calculated
b-oprated
c-perfomed
d-survived

21_do you know the meaning of his word? I don’t know but ILL try to ……….
a-set up
b-pick up
c-look
d-find out

22_The computer is an electronic machin wich can ………… complicated priblem easily.
a-forget
b- limit
c-repair
d- solve

Answer
19 – d
20 – b
21 – c
22 – d  

 

 

 

 

C. choose the best choice .

گرامر جواب صحیح را انتخاب کنید.

۲۳٫ what would you have done if you…. Enough time?
a. had
b. had had
c. would have
d. have had

24. He wishes that he …………up her job.
a. had given
b. gave
c. hadn’t given
d. wouldn’t give

25.Ali said that he……home yesterday.
a. to go
b. go
c. went
d.had gone

26.Father asked me………..much money whenever I go shopping.
a. not spend
b.not spending
c.not to spend
d. don’t spend

27. Do you really know the time when …. The library?
a.did Ali leave
b. left Ali
c. Ali did leave
d.Ali left

28.They ……….us that we could pass the exam.
a.say
b.said
c.told
d.tell

29…………………….no assighnment, he went to the park.
a. Having
b. Have
c.Had
d.Hads

30. The boy fell down while ……..off a bus.
a. get
b.getting
c.got
d.to get

31.If you……….studding harder , you would failed the test.
a. hadn’t started
b.start
c.dont had
d.started

32. He asked where her mother…………
a.has gone
b.had gone
c.gone
d.go

Answer
23 – b
24 – b
25 – d
26 – c
27 – d
28- c
29 – a
30- b
31 – a
32 – b  

 

 

B: complete the sentences:

جملات زیر را کامل کرده در پاسخنامه بنویسید:

۳۳٫ If they had invited me,I ………….to the party.(go)

34. I wish you…………me the money last night.(give)

35. we ard studing hard.
They told us ……………….

۳۶٫ what did he go last week?
He asked me……………….

۳۷٫I went home after I did my shopping.
Having …………………….

۳۸٫Dont play in the yard.
My teacher told me ……………….

Answer
33 – … would have gone…..
۳۴ – …. Had given………..
۳۵ – ….. that they were studying hard
36 – …….where he had gone last night
37 – ……..gone home, I did my shopping.
38 – ….. not to play in the yard.  

 

 

Iv . Language function: Match A with B. There is one extra word B

مکالمه : جملات ستون A را با ستون B کامل کنید.

A
39.How often does the bus leave
40 . can I help you?
41. what does your watch look like?
42 . How can I get to the museum from here?

B
a – yes I want to buy a coat.
b- Its got a black strap.
c- every 15 minutes.
d- You should take a taxi.
e- what a pity

Answer
39 – c
40 – a
41 – b
42 – d  

 

 

 

 

V – pronunciation: Which one is different form others

در هر ردیف کدام کلمه با دیگران متفاوت است؟

۴۳ – a – never
b- person
c-pencil
d-machine

44 – a- add
b – laugh
c- back
d- warm

Answer

43 – d
44 – d  

 

 

VI . Reading comprehension:

45. some times a whole family grop is employed, with the payment going to a parent or an older relative.
The above sentences tell us that……………..
a- the payment is given all members of the family.
b- Children work and they are paid money.
c- Children work but payment is not given to them.
d- Older relatives pay their money to their parents .

46. Mashhad is usually invaded by pligrams in the summer. The sentence means that. a- people mostly visit mashhad in the summer
b- pilgrims attack the people of mashhad
c- summer is not a suitable time for pilgrims to visit
d- pilgrims attack the city in summer

47 . The main job of back up group is ……………
a. to help main group in its return journey
b.to carry extra help
c. to provide hot food and drinks.
d. to give medical assist.

Answer
45 – c
46 – a
47 – a  

 

 

VII . Cloze passage : choose the best choic :

جاهای خالی متن را با لغات داده شده کامل کنید.

SPORT
Many peoples favorite hobby is sport. They spend much of their …….time.
Playingteam games like football, games for two or four people , lilke ………..Or golf practicing an ……….sport like running, mountain climbing or swimming, people usually practice a sport for at least two……….first they enjoy it and, second, they feel a need to …………fit. But sport is not just for …………., its for spectators too.

48. a – free
b- easy
c- persent
d-restful

49. a – volleyball
b- water polo
c- Hunting
c-tennis

50. a – team
b- individual
c – water
d – snow

51. a- reasons
b- projects
c-devices
d- condition

52. a- have
b – take
c- Keep
d- grow

53. a – runners
b- participants
c – viewers
d – fans

Answer
48 – a
49 – d
50 – b
51 – a
52 – c
53 – b  

 

 

VII . Read the text and answer to the questions:

متن زیر را به دقت بخوانید و جواب سؤالات آن را

You can tell how old a tree is by conting the number of rings in its trunk.
In the mountains of California are seventeen that are more than four thousand years old. The rings show that the trees grew very little in dry years. Other years they grew faster.
A large part of each tree is dead, but a branch or two are still alive. These tress may be the oldest in North America.

54 – The age of a tree is indicated by
a. the number of live branches.
b. the number of rings in its trunk.
c – its size
d – the number of dead branches.

55. The oldest trees in north America are approximately…….
a. 40 years old
b.400 years old
c. 17 years old
d. 4000 years old

Answer
54 – b
55 – d  

 

 

 

 

True – false

56. The old trees grow in a jungle.( )
57.These trees grew faster during years with good rainfall.( )

Answer
56 – f
57 – T  

 

 

به سؤال زیر پاسخ دهید:

۵۷٫ How is the large part of the old trees?

Answer
58 – Alarge part of a tree is dead.

علوم ریاضی ۸۱_۸۲

 

 

Note : write and check all the answers on the answer sheet.
I – spelling : fill in the blanks with the missing letters. Write the complete words on the anwer sheet.

1. After a long discu-sion with his parents, he decided to continue his education.
2. Social distances are not the same for all cult-res.
3. The reseun teams call out proce-ure began right away.
4. The box w- – ghs only 2 kilos. It is very light.
5. The aerosols can fl—tin the air for a long time.

answer
1. discussion
2.culteres
3.procedure
4.float  

 

 

II – Vocabulary : A: fillin the blands with the appropriate words from the list below. Therd is one extra word.

Intimate – zone – assistance – liquid – bring up – disturb – closely – fine – achieve – sysptoms – belong to
6. The library members have to pay a ……..if they return the books late.
7. Water, milk and blood ard instances of ………substances.
8. Parents should ……….their children to be responsible members of society.
9. There was a large sign on the wall that said, Danger ……..! Keep away.
10 . you should have strong will to ………most of your higher goals of your life.
11. I can’t see difference between these two flowers. They ……. resemble each other.
12. Does this umbrella………..me or is it yours?
13. Ali and Reza are always together. They seem to be …….friends.
14. The rescue team gave him immediate medical…….until the ambulance arrived.
15. High temperature, difficulty in breathing and pain in my entire body were the ……of my illness. II. vocabulary : A.

answer
6.fine
7.liquid
8.bringup
9.zone
10.achieve
11.closely
12.belong to
13.intimate
14.assistance
15. symptoms  

 

 

B: word Definitions: Match the definitions in column A with the words in column B There is one extra word in column B

A
16. to move something to a later time
17. attack, crowd into
18. that cannot be avoided
19. make somebody do something that they do not want to do

B
a. invade
b. address
c. delay
d. d.force
e. inevitable

answer
16.delay (c)
17.invade (a)
18.inevitable (e)
19.force (d)  

 

 

C: choose the best choice.

20. The rescue ……..is to start tomorrow morning.
a. attention
b.invention
c.position
d.operation

21. The …..gives the patient his medicine twice a day.
a. reporter
b. nurse
c.author
d.designer

22. He is deeply ……in the project.
a.included
b.locked
c.involved
d.developed

23. He was first afraid of flying, but he could ….. his fear.
a. overcome
b.damage
c.reflect
d.recall

answer
20.operation
21. nurse
22.involved
23.overcome  

 

 

 

 

III- structure: A. Choose the correct answer.

24. She made a big mistake and gave up her job. She wishes that she ………up her job.
a. had given
b. gave
c. hadn’t given
d.wouldnt give

25. She felt tired …….. she was cooking the dinner.
a.after
b.before
c.because
d.while

26. The doctor asked the patient to ………out his tongue.
a.stick
b.leave
c.stand
d.put

27.who threw away the records all over the floor?
Zahra………………
a. throws them away
b. throws away them
c. threw them away
d.threw away them

28.Father warned Ramin……..too near the lions cage in the zoo.
a.to go
b. not to go
c.dont go d.going

29.The policeman ……..the driver to obey traffic rules more attentively.
a. invited
b.reminded
c.promised
d.advised

30. He wanted to know if I …. The film the previous day.

a.will enjoy
b. would enjoy
c. has enjoyed
d.had enjoyed

31. We could have baker more cookies if we…..not run out of sugar.
a.had
b.did
c.were
d.would

answer
24.(c) hadn’t given
25.(d)while
26.(a)stick
28.(b) not to go
29.(d)advised
30.(d)had enjoyed
31.(a) had  

 

 

B.Complete the reported sentences. Suppose you are reporting them some time later.

32. Nader said, I am goin away tomorrow, mother.
Nader told his mother…………

۳۳٫ They asked us: where did you go last week?
They asked us ………………….

answer
32. Nader told his mother (that) he was going away the following day.
33. They asked us where we had gone the preveious week.  

 

 

C. Rewirte the sentences using – ing verb phrase or having + pp

34. I was short of money. I couldn’t afford to buy the computer.
……………………………..

۳۵٫ The President got off the car. Then he attended important meeting.
……………………

answer
34. Being short of money, I couldn’t afford to buy the computer.
35.Having gotten/got off the car,the president attended the important meeting.  

 

 

D. Complete the sentence based on the situation given.

36. He couldn’t type the letter because he wasn’t table to work with a computer.
If he ………………………………….

answer
36. If he had been able to work with a computer, he could have typed the letter.  

 

 

Iv- Language function :
Match column A with column B There is one extra item in B

A1
37. can you come over on Saturday?
38. which platfotm does the train leave form?
39. which bus do I take to go to veaal street?
40. Im calling about your advertisement.
41. what does your watch look like?
42.How often does the university bus leave?
43. would you like to have lunch in that French restaurant?
44. That’s more than I wanted to spend.

B
a. Its got a black leather strap.
b. you want a number 14.
c. what would you like to know.
d. Let me get you a cheaper one.
e. Im afraid I can’t. I have a lot of work to do.
f. Id prefers somewhere quieter.
g. what a pity!
h.Every half hour.
i. Three

answer
37.(e)
38.(i)
39,(b)
40.(c)
41.(a)
42.(h)
43.(f)
44.(d)  

 

 

 

 

V – pronunciation:
A. which of the following word : has a different stress pattern.

45 . a. person
b. direction
c. income
d.never

46. a. reasonable
b.economic
c.happiness
d.supervise

answer
A.45.(b)
46.(b)

 

 

B. In each set fot words one is different from the others according to its vowel sound write different items on the answer sheet.

47. a . box
b. got
c. law
d. stop

48 . a.add
b. laugh
c. back
d.warm

49. which of the following sentences has a differenet intonation pattern?
a. why did he leave?
b. The story was tragic
c. He said it was pretty
d. Have you seen the movie?

answer
47(c)
48.(d)
49 (d)  

 

 

VI – Reading comprehension:
A. check the correct answer.

50. Mashhad is usually invaded by pilgrims in the summer. The sentence means that ………….
a) people mostly visit mashhad in the summer.
b) pilgrims attack the people of mashhad
c) summer is not a suitable time for pilgrims to visit
d) pilgrims attack the city in summer

51. The amount of space human being claim around their bodies is not the same for people in cities, used to crowds and people brought up in the contry who require a larger a personal territory. We understhand from the above sentence that people living in …
a) villages need a large territory
b) villages are used to living in crowded areas
c) cities need a larger personal territory
d) cities and villages need the same personal territory

52. Although the work given to the children is often light, it involves serious risks to their health.
The above sentences tells us that children…………..
a) like dangerous jobs
b) are serious in their work
c) work in safe conditions
d)have easy but dangerous jobs

53. Today we know that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmoshpero to eight times its present value will produce an increase of temperature of only two degrees centigrade. The above sentence means that increase in the content of carbon dioxide………………..
a) may disturb the spread of carbon dioxide.
b) may cool down the earth only two degrees centigrade.
c) will bring about much change in the heat balance.
d) will not cause much change in the heat balance.  

 

 

B. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

The first true piece of sports equipment that man invented was a ball. In ancient Egypt, as everywhere, throwing stones was a favorite childrens game. But a badly thrown rock could hurt a child. Lookinig for something less dangerous to throw, the Egyptains made what were probably the first balls. At first , balls were made of grass or leaves held together by pieces of rope. Later they were made of pieces of animal skin which were joined together and were filled with feathers or dry grass. Even though the Egyptins were interested and skilled in fighting wars, they found time for peaceful games. Befor long they had developed a number of ball games, each with its own set of rules. Perhaps they played ball more for instruction than for fun. Ball playing was thought of mainly as a way to teach young men the speed and skill they would need for war.

54. Did the people play the ball games just for the fun of it?

55. why did the Egyptians make balls from materials other rock?

56. The Egyptians thought ball playing was ……….
a. undesirable
b.difficult
c. not enjoyable
d.valuable

57. According to the passage Egyptians were………..people.
a. friendly
b.warlike
c.peaceful
d.dangerous

58. The ball was probably invented because…….
a. throwing stones often caused injuries
b. throwing stones was not fun
c. games with stones did not have rules
d. rocks were too heavy to throw

59. According to the passaed the Egyptians played………
a. many different games with balls
b. many different kinds of games
c. only one ball game
d. different games with similar rules.

answer
A.50.(a)
51.(a)
52.(d)
53.(d)

B.
54. No, They played ball more for instruction than for fun.
55. They were looking for something less dangers.
(or) A badly thrown rock could hurt a child.
56.(d)
57.(b)
58.(a)
59.(a)  

 

 

 

 

Ture / False

60 . Ball playing games were invented in ancient Egypt
a. True
b. false

61.In every part of the world throwing stone was a favourite childrens game.
a. True
b. false

answer
60.(b) false
61.(a)True

cloze passage: Fill in the blanks with best options.

Water is mans most important natural resource. He ___62 it for drinking and home use, farming,______63 to run his machines. Fishing, relaxation and _____64 for boating. Bt usable water is not as ____65 as the need for it. For centuries men have ____66 each other over the right to ____67the rivers and seas which are so ____68 to life . Becaues the earth water ___69 dosent exixt in equal amount in each area. One area ___70 from flood while another is dry and still another has suitable___71. Mans efforts to control water has not always been____72. Although in some areas great ___73have been made, and desert regions have become green, in other areas the balance of nature has been disturbed.

62. a. requires
b.absorbs
c.flows
d.links

63. a. figure
b.design
c.noise
d.power

64. a.while
b.thus
c.however
d.even

65. a. urgent
b.adequate
c.unusal
d.ordinary

66. a. fought
b.exposed
c.involved
d.contact

67. a. waste
b.use
c.replace
d.limit

68. a. manual
b.vital
c.pure
d.impure

69. a.capacity
b.supply
c.energy
d.content

70. a.dissolves
b.freezes
c.suffers
d.melts

71. a.collection
b.condition
c.decision
d.formation

72. a.restful
b.respectful
c.successful
d.colorful

73. a.employments
b.appointments
c.agreements
d.improvements

answer
62. (a)
63.(d)q
64.(d)
65.(b)
66.(a)
67.(b)
68.(b)
69.(b)
70.(e)
71.(b)
72.(c)
73.(d)

روزانه علوم تجربی و انسانی

کلمه های ناقص جمله های زیر را کامل کنید و در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

۱/۲٫ These collecions of aerosolsr_ flect the suns heat and therefore c_ _ se the Earth to cool.

3/4. sometimes a wh_ le family group is employed , with the pa_ment to a parent or a relative.

5/6.The main party fol_o_s the advance party. They carry a radio tele_ _ one and more supplies.

 

  از گروه کلمه های داده شده زیر کلمه مناسب هر جملات را انتخاب کنید و در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

Attended – zone – referee – victim – employed – located – disturb – mental – overactive – supplier – mobile
7. The captain asked for a (n)…. Because one of the players was injured.
8. she opened the door quietly so as not to …..the sleeping child.
9. Many people have ….. the club since we reduced the price of tickets.
10. The fireman had to enter the danger ……to save the little son.
11.My father works 16 hours a day.He is a (n) ….to save the little son.
12.The ambulance took the….. of the car accident to the hospital.
13. A…… is a person,company, or a country that provides you with goods or requirements.
14.Our school is…… in the north of the city.
15. when soldiers are at war ….. kitchens cook food for them.
16. Doing maths needs a lot of …..acivity.

 

 

Word definition:

از ستون B کلمه مناسب تعریف ستون A را انتخاب کنید و در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

A
17. change in the boys conition that is a sign of illness.
18.say something to someone in speech or writing
19. to move (sth) to a later time
20 . give somebody something that is needed
21. having a large population
22. begin a journey,a race , etc.

B
A. delay
B. address
C. overcorowded
D. set off
E. injury
F. supply
G. symptom

 

 

 

  پاسخ مناسب را انتخاب کنید و در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

۲۳٫The student wishes he …………so many mistakes in the dictation last week.
a. hadn’t made
b.hasnt made
c. didn’t make
d. wouldn’t make

24. Im glad we had taken a map with us. We …… lost if we hadent had one.
a. might get
b.get
c.may get
d.might have gotten

25. Ive spent too much time on English.
He said that……….too much time on English.
a. he had spent
b.he has spent
c.I have spent
d.I spent

26.The assistant asked us …. Talk near the classroom door.
a. never
b.that not
c.not to
d. don’t

27.The teacher ……him not to waste his time and pay attention to the lesson.
a. promised
b.told
c. because
d.befor

28.I was walking home in the rain. I got wet.
I got wet ………. Walking home in the rain.
a. while
b.after
c.because
d.before

29. walking along the street,……..
a.Ali saw a close friend
b. it started to rain heavily
c. the street was very crowded
d.ther was a terrible accident

30. Having …….his homework, he haded it in to the teaccher.
a.do
b.doing
c. to do
d.done

31. pick ….. all the pieces of paper you have dropred.
a.out
b.up
c.to do
d.____

32. He said ……a hotel, we looked for a restaurant to have dinner.
a. finding
b.to find
c.Having found
d. we found  

 

  جملات ناقص را کامل کنید و در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

۳۳٫ Jim was playing tennis. He hurt his arm.
………….while……………

۳۴٫ It is raining . I wish it………because we are going out tomorrow.(stop)
The climbers asked me………………….

۳۵٫where did you camp yesterday?
The climbers asked me……………………

۳۶٫ Reza to his friend : would you like to come to the cinema with us?
Reza invited his friend ………………..

۳۷٫we had spent nearly all our money. We had to leave the hotel.(Having)
……………………….

۳۸٫How long does the meeting last?
Do you know…………………..?

۳۹٫ My frien is always tired because he goes to bed late.
I wish he ……….to bed late any more.

 

 

Language fuction:

مکالمه های ستون های A , B را جور کنید و در پاسخنامه بنویسید.

A
40. Id like to buy a watch.
41. How often does the bus leave?
42. what condition is your bag in?
43. can I try on these shoes, please?
44. How long are you going to be away?
45. Im going to visit my brother in Hamedan.

B

A.Every ten minutes.
B.My bag is lost.
c.for about two weeks
D.That ll be nice.
E. Its quire old.
F. certainly
G.what make do you want?  

 

 

Pronunciation :

46.a. supervision
b. reasonable
c. economic
d. publicity

47.a. talk
b.thought
c.cross
d.both  

 

 

۱ Sentence comprehension:

48.He could have gotten a job easily if he had had a university degree.
a. since he had a university degree, he got a job.
b.He didn’t have a university degree, so he didn’t get a job.
c. He hadn’t had a university degree, but he got a job.
d. Ahthough having a university degree, he didn’t get a job.

49. In most countries young boys and girls are prevented from smoking.
This sentence means that in most countries
a. young grils and boys aren’t allowed to smoke.
b. young grils and boys are allowed to smoke.
c. young boys and grils are forced to smoke.
d. young boys and grils are permitted to smoke.

50. people brought up in the country require a larger personal territory. So if they back away when you are talking to them, they are not being impolite, it is just because you have invaded their personal territory. The above sentence tells us that villagers may move back ward when you talk to them because…..
a. they are impolite
b. they are brought up in the country
c. you may have entered their personal territory
d. their persona territory is smaller than yours

 

 

Cloze test :

Very few of us can use both our hands 51 well.
Most of us are right handed.52 about five people out of a hundred ard left handed. New – born 53 can get and take objects with either of their right hands, but about two years 54 their birth they 55 to use their right hands. Scientists 56 think that we receive and get this quality from monkeys. They 57 that monkeys use one of their hands more than the 58 but it can be either hand. There are as many right handed monkeys 59 there are left handed ones. But most human beings see their right hands better and this makes life 60 for left handed people.

51. a. correctly
b, politely
c.equally
d.accidentally

52. a. Lonely
b.only
c. Exactly
d.Surely

53. a. adults
b.babies
c.pupils
d.people

54. a. before
b. after
c.then
d.ago

55. a.prefer
b.design
c.interest
d.suggest

56. a.used to
b.had to
c.have to
d.ought to

57. a. found
b.invented
c.counted
d.explored

58. a.another
b.either
c.both
d.other

59. a.so
b.than
c.as
d.from

60. a.expensive
b.productive
c.difficult
d.healthy  

 

 

Reading comprehension :

According to some experts, the younger people are basically different from thd older ones. The old no not underdstand all thd problems of the modern world. On the other hand, the younger people have grown up with these problems and are deeply concerned about them. The older people still control the business organization, government and education. They younger people want to make change in these areas to fit the needs of modem society. In order to put an end to their differences, both the older and younger people realize that the world has changed and that new responses are necessary for many problems of the society.

61.According to the passage, the younger and the older people….
a. don’t have the same ideas
b. don’t have different ideas
c. feel equal responsibilities
d. understand each other very well

62.The passage points out that the ….. in the society.
a. younger and the older people are powerful
b. older people are more powerful than younger people
c. younger people don’t like power
d. older people have lost all their powers

63.The older and younger people both agree on ….. the present situation.
a.keeping
b.realizing
c.changing
d. protecting

64.The younger people are concerned about the problem in the society.( True or False)

65.According to both , older and younger people, what are necessary for many problems of the society?

66.Do the old understand all the problems of the modern world?

67. Who are still in charge of the official organizations?

68. why do the younger people want to make changes?